2. control & opposition (1933 -39)

Question 1

what were the SS known for?

Answer 1

-blind obedience & total commitment to hitler
-being hitler’s protection squad

Question 2

what type of people were selected for the SS?

Answer 2

aryans & pure blood germans

Question 3

what event led to the SS rising in power?

Answer 3

the NOTLK

Question 4

when did himmler become chief of german police?

Answer 4

1936

Question 5

what was the SD?

Answer 5

intelligence gathering agency

Question 6

who was in charge of the SD?

Answer 6

heydrich

Question 7

who did the SD spy on?

Answer 7

nazi opposition, jews, all aspects of education and looked out for spy networks serving other nations

Question 8

what did the SD use the information they got for?

Answer 8

-wrote extensive reports on germans
-passed information onto the gestapo who took action

Question 9

what was the gestapo?

Answer 9

-hitler’s secret police
-did not wear uniforms

Question 10

what did the gestapo do?

Answer 10

-spied on the public to remove any opposition
-then arrested and imprisoned any suspected person.

Question 11

how many officers did the gestapo have at its height?

Answer 11

15,000

Question 12

who did the gestapo focus on?

Answer 12

early years: nazi’s political opponents
later years: jews, homosexuals, religious dissenters

Question 13

who were block wardens?

Answer 13

-an official who provided a link between the population and the nazi authorities
-on each street and in each apartment block
-got to know the people in the local area

Question 14

where did tip offs to the Gestapo come from?

Answer 14

-general public
-SD
-interrogation

Question 15

what were the gestapo’s methods of interrogation?

Answer 15

torture:
-beatings with bamboo canes
-sleep deprivation

Question 16

police & law courts

Answer 16

-run by the nazis
-judges swore an oath of loyalty to hitler

Question 17

concentration camps

Answer 17

a place where civilians were imprisoned for crimes against the state

Question 18

what did concentration camps do?

Answer 18

-made prisoners do hard labour
-limited prisoners food
-gave them hard discipline (beatings and random executions)

Question 19

who were concentration camps run by?

Answer 19

nazi germany

Question 20

how did concentration camps fit into hitler’s plans?

Answer 20

no one would go against nazi’s in fear of concentration camps

Question 21

types of resistance

Answer 21

open opposition - taking action against nazi rule
passive resistance - refusing to co-operate with the nazis

Question 22

swing kids

Answer 22

-disliked the strict control and conservative traditions promoted by the nazis
-listened to banned music
-drank alcohol, socialised with inferior groups (went against nazi ideal)

-were arrested and taken to conservation camps

Question 23

edelweiss pirates

Answer 23

-working class youths who rejected nazi values
-members wore an edelweiss flower
-listened to foreign radio & spread news
-beat up hitler youth members
-did anti-nazi graffiti and wrote leaflets

-were arrested and hanged in public

Question 24

pope pius XI

Answer 24

-wrote “with burning anxiety”
(condemned nazi’s) which was smuggled into germany & read in all catholic churches on palm sunday

consequences:
-next day gestapo raided every catholic church
-pope did not face consequences

Question 25

cardinal galen

Answer 25

-catholic bishop who preached sermons against racism & the murder of the disabled
-galen was too high profile to remove from power and the need to keep german catholics on side meant galen continued to provide resistance

Question 26

martin niemoller

Answer 26

-he refused to join the reich church and instead founded the confessing church
-by 1934, 6000 pastors had joined, leaving only 2000 in the reich church
-the confessing church preached against the nazis

-over 800 pastors were arrested and sent to concentration camps including niemoller, who survived the ordeal

Question 27

jehovah’s witnesses

Answer 27

-refused to join the army or salute hitler
-wrote anti-nazi leaflets

consequences:
-special unit made by gestapo to combat them
-6000 were in concentration camps by 1939

Question 28

communists

Answer 28

-visible resistance with meetings, propaganda and newsletters
-ester planted a time bomb in hall hitler was going to speak in, hitler left 13 minutes before explosion

consequences:
-easily identified & arrested by gestapo
-ester was caught, sent to a cc camp for 5 years and executed

Question 29

limitations of opposition

Answer 29

-opposition was largely ineffective as the different groups did not work together, making them easier for the gestapo to infiltrate and stop

Question 30

reich church

Answer 30

hitler tried to unite the different protestant churches in to one reich church

Question 31

concordat

Answer 31

-agreement made between the pope and hitler in july 1933

-hitler realised that the catholic church posed a potential threat to his control so he offered a promise to leave the catholic church alone if the catholic church stayed out of politics
-despite his promise, hitler soon closed church youth groups and arrested priests who spoke out against him

Question 32

rallies

Answer 32

-public displays of support for nazism through music, speeches, -demonstrations of strength

Question 33

nuremberg rallies

Answer 33

-annual rally of the nazi party in nuremberg, germany
-held every year between 1933 - 1938
-large propaganda event which showed the size and organisation of the party and its support

Question 34

newspaper

Answer 34

all controlled by the government and could only print stories favourable to the nazi regime

Question 35

radios

Answer 35

-sold cheap, all germans could buy one
-all radio output was controlled by goebbels

Question 36

terror

Answer 36

use of extreme fear and punishment to make the public obey the nazis

Question 37

propaganda

Answer 37

information, especially of a biased or misleading nature, used to promote a point of view

Question 38

censorship

Answer 38

-suppression of any information that was considered unacceptable to the nazis
-nazis burnt books written by jews and communists
-jazz music was banned, because it originated with the african-american community
-anti-nazi jokes and stories were forbidden and could result in imprisonment

Question 39

berlin olympics

Answer 39

1936

-nazis hosted the olympics
-hitler wanted to use this as an opportunity to show the superiority of his master race
-during the olympics many arican-americans won gold medals proving race theory incorrect
-most famously jesse owens won 4 gold medals