2. Congressional Reconstruction Flashcards
key terms
ratify
officially approve
key term
Black Codes
southern sates laws control freed slaves
more radical changes than during any other period before the
1960s
who was president after Lincoln
Johnson
what did Johnson aim for
quick return to normality
once the Southerners has sworn an oath of loyalty to the union they could elect each state assemblies which would ratify the 13th amendment
(johnsons concern was union not rights of AA)
Johnson sympathetic president = states had confidence to pass
highly discriminatory black codes
what did Black codes do
- restricted right of AA to compete with white people for work
- gave stats right to punish vagrants and unemployed former slaves
- allowed those who attacked AA to go unpunished with state officials participating in attacks
key term
radical republicans
active opponents of slavery
saw southern slave owners as evil exploiters and wanted radical changes to help freed slaves
influential but had limited support in North as a whole
key term
freedmen’s Bureau
set up by congress 1865 to care for former slaves
provided food, shelter, hospitals, education
set up 2 universities
but its 900 agents were subject to intimidation and violence by white hostile southeners
who were radical republicans led by
Representative Thaddeus Stevens
Senator Charles Sumner = persuasive advocates for change
radical republicans were helped by congresss to establish a federal institution
freedmen’s bureaue
in 1865
after 1877 southern states were allowed to
deprive AA if their rights
measures passed during reconstruction
Civil Rights Act
when?
what?
1866
equality under the law
measures passed during reconstruction
First Reconstruction Act
when?
what?
1867
11 confederate states divided into 5 military districts
new state constitutions
made by elected delegates who were chosen by all male citizens
measures passed during reconstruction
14th amendment
when?
what?
1868
equality under law
measures passed during reconstruction
15th amendment
when?
what?
1870
no person should be denied vote on account of race
measures passed during reconstruction
first enforcement act
when?
what?
1870
banned discrimination based on race colour or previous condition of servitude
measures passed during reconstruction
second enforcement act
when?
what?
1871
overturned state laws which prevented AA voting provided federal supervision at elections
measures passed during reconstruction
third enforcement act
when?
what?
1872
(also known as KKK Act)
made it a federal offence for 2 or more persons to conspire to deprive citizens of their right to equal protection of laws
measures passed during reconstruction
Civil Rights Act (2nd one)
when?
what?
1875
outlawed segregation
congressional measured opposed by president led to
president johnson being impeached (tried by Congress)
who was johnsons succesor
Ulysses Grant
what led to remarkable changes of 1868-75
unity between president grant and congress
grant worked more closely with congress and used federal troops to support legislation
e.g. of brutal opposition
1866
Memphis - race riots 46 AA killed
New Orleans - 35 killed
