2- Collection and Physical Examination of Urine

Question 1

Def: Inspecified, can be collected at any time (Types, Timing of collection)

Answer 1

Random

Question 2

most common use of random is for

Answer 2

screening purposes

Question 3

type of collection that can sometimes give an inaccurate view of a patient’s health

Answer 3

Random

Question 4

Def: first voided the urine is generally more concentrated (Types, Timing of collection)

Answer 4

First morning

Question 5

First morning collection aka

Answer 5

8-houre specimen

Question 6

First morning , contains relatively higher levels of

Answer 6

cellular elements, or protein

Question 7

Def: voided after 8 hours of fasting (Types, Timing of collection)

Answer 7

Fasting-second

Question 8

Def: voided is before a meal, and to collect a specimen 2 hours after eating

(Types, Timing of collection)

Answer 8

Postprandial-first

Question 9

Def: is collection of urine measures creatinine, urine urea nitrogen, glucose, sodium, potassium (Types, Timing of collection)

Answer 9

Timed

Question 10

Timed collection aka

Answer 10

24 hour collection

Question 11

Def: urine is the preferred type of specimen for bacteria culture and sensitivity testing

(Types, Timing of collection)

Answer 11

Midstream Clean Catch

Question 12

Midstream Clean Catch is preferred because of

Answer 12

reduced incidence of cellular and microbial contamination

Question 13

Refrigeration or chemical preservation of urine specimens should be utilized within ____ hours

Answer 13

2

Question 14

most common Urine Preservatives

Answer 14

Boric acid

Question 15

T/F

Preserved urine specimens can be stored at room temperature until time of testing

Answer 15

Ture

Question 16

Physical Examination of Urine includes

Answer 16

Appearance

Specific gravity

Volume

Question 17

the pigment that gives urine it’s characteristic yellow color

Answer 17

Urochrome

Question 18

Urochrome aka

Answer 18

urobilin

Question 19

contribute some pink or reddish color to urine

Answer 19

Uroerythrin

Question 20

Normal urine color variations (list the possible colors)

Answer 20

Question 21

Abnormal urine color variations White can be pathologic due to

Answer 21

Chyle

Lipids

Pyuria

Question 22

Define Chyle

Answer 22

milky body fluid consisting of lymph and emulsified fats, or free fatty acids

Question 23

Define Pyuria

Answer 23

Increased WBCs

Question 24

Abnormal urine color variations White can be NON-pathologic due to

Answer 24

Phosphates

Vaginal creams

Question 25

Abnormal urine color variations Yellow to amber to orange - pathogenic

Answer 25

Liver Dysfunction chemotherapy drugs

Question 26

Liver Dysfunction can cause excessive

Answer 26

urobilin or bilirubin

Question 27

Abnormal urine color variations Yellow to amber to orange, **NON**-pathogenic

Answer 27

Carrots dehydration Food color Vit B complex or C

Question 28

Carrots contains

Answer 28

beta carotene

Question 29

Abnormal urine color variations **Yellow to green** Pathologic

Answer 29

Biliverdin Bilirubin

Question 30

Abnormal urine color variations * *Yellow to green** * *NON**-Pathologic

Answer 30

Asparagus

Question 31

Abnormal urine color variations **Pink to red** Pathologic causes

Answer 31

Red blood cells Hemoglobin Myoglobin Porphyrin

Question 32

Abnormal urine color variations Pink to red **Non-**Pathologic causes

Answer 32

Beets Food color

Question 33

Abnormal urine color variations **Red to purple** Pathologic causes

Answer 33

Porphyrin

Question 34

Abnormal urine color variations **are there any non-pathologic causes for "Red to purple" color**

Answer 34

No only pathologic

Question 35

Abnormal urine color variations **Red to brown** **pathologic causes**

Answer 35

Methemoglobin Myoglobin

Question 36

Abnormal urine color variations **Red to brown** **Non-Pathologic causes**

Answer 36

none only pathogenic

Question 37

Abnormal urine color variations **Brown to black** **Pathologic causes**

Answer 37

Bilirubin Methemoglobin Myoglobin Melanin Homogentisic acid (alkapton)

Question 38

Abnormal urine color variations **Brown to black** ## Footnote **_Non_-Pathologic causes**

Answer 38

Iron compounds fava beans aloe

Question 39

Abnormal urine color variations **Blue to green Pathologic causes**

Answer 39

Biliverdin (green color) Pseudomonas infection

Question 40

Abnormal urine color variations **Blue to green** **Non-Pathologic**

Answer 40

Vitamin B12 Thymole Diuretic therapy (blue urine color)

Question 41

Clarity of urine Normal urine is usually \_\_\_\_

Answer 41

clear

Question 42

Cloudy urine may contain

Answer 42

salts /crystals

Question 43

Hazy urine may contain

Answer 43

mucus

Question 44

Smoky urine may contain

Answer 44

RBCs

Question 45

Turbid urine may contain

Answer 45

leukocytes bacteria pus proteins epithelial cells

Question 46

Milky urine may contain

Answer 46

fat or chyle

Question 47

Various non-urinary substances can cause urine specimens to appear

Answer 47

hazy or cloudy

Question 48

Clear urine pathologic causes

Answer 48

Very dilute Polyuria (DM, or DI)

Question 49

Clear urine **Non-**pathologic causes

Answer 49

Over-hydrated

Question 50

Hazy to cloudy to turbid urine pathologic causes

Answer 50

Varying degrees of Casts Cells Crystals and calculi Fat (lipid, chyle) Microorganisms Fecal contamination

Question 51

Hazy to cloudy to turbid urine **non-**pathologic causes

Answer 51

Creams, lotions Crystals Mucus Radiographic dyes Powders Fecal contamination

Question 52

Pathologic causes for foamy urine

Answer 52

Significant amounts of protein (kidney disease) UTI (e.g. pus) Fistula from colon to bladder

Question 53

**Non-**pathologic causes for foamy urine

Answer 53

Rapid urination Foam increased with urine concentration (e.g. dehydration) Toilet cleaner

Question 54

Pathologic foamy urine persistently become **(more/less)** noticeable over time

Answer 54

more noticeable over time

Question 55

Sweet or “fruity" odor casued by

Answer 55

Ketones (e.g. DM)

Question 56

Pungent odor casued by

Answer 56

bacteria (ammonia) (e.g. UTI)

Question 57

“maple syrup” odor casued by

Answer 57

amino acids

Question 58

“musty or mousy” odor of an infant’s urine casued by

Answer 58

Phenylketonuria

Question 59

“Rancid butter” or “fishy" odor casued by

Answer 59

Hypermethioninemia

Question 60

stronger ammonia odor casued by

Answer 60

Dehydration

Question 61

define Urine Specific Gravity (USG)

Answer 61

Ratio of the **weight of urine** **to** the **weight of** the same volume of **distilled water** at a constant temperature

Question 62

USG Used to measure the

Answer 62

concentrating diluting ability of the kidney

Question 63

one of the first functions to be **lost** as a result of **tubular damage**

Answer 63

Concentrating ability

Question 64

Normal USG range

Answer 64

1.003–1.035

Question 65

In Refractive Index, we use a tool called

Answer 65

Total Solids (TS) Meter (refractometer)

Question 66

degree of deviation or refraction is proportional to \_\_\_\_

Answer 66

the density of the solution.

Question 67

Refractive index varies with \_\_\_

Answer 67

Temprature

Question 68

Specific Gravity Reagent Strips actually measures \_\_\_\_

Answer 68

ionic concentration

Question 69

Specific Gravity Reagent Strips Indicator measures the change in \_\_\_\_

Answer 69

pH

Question 70

When urine has an increased specific gravity, the reagent pad becomes more \_\_\_\_\_

Answer 70

acidic

Question 71

Urine Osmolality depends on \_\_\_\_\_\_

Answer 71

The number of particles in the solution

Question 72

whereas specific gravity depends on

Answer 72

the number and **weight** of the solutes

Question 73

Osmolality is a better indicator of the concentrating and diluting abilities of the kidney, because

Answer 73

it's unaffected by the density of solutes.

Question 74

In pathological urines, what type of measurement of urine osmolality should be used?

Answer 74

direct measurement