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Biochemistry > [2] Class 1-Lipids-Agbas > Flashcards

[2] Class 1-Lipids-Agbas Flashcards

1
Q

What is water insoluble but highly soluble in organic solvents?

A

Lipids

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2
Q

What is the key constituent of Lipids?

A

Fatty acids

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3
Q

What part of the lipid is responsible for hydrophobic properties?

A

Fatty acids

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4
Q

What makes lipids amphipathic?

A

Hydrophobic fatty acid tail

Hydrophilic phosphate head group

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5
Q

Unsaturated double bond in FA tail contributes 2 things:

A

Allows cholesterol to be in between 2 FA’s and provides fluidity to the membrane

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6
Q

Proteins are modified by what attachment that allows them to target membranes

A

Covalent attachment of FA’s

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7
Q

Functions of FA’s:

A

Membrane component
Store fuel as triacylglycerols (TAG)
Derivatives serve as hormones, signal molecules, and Intracellular messengers

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8
Q

How do you number carbons in FA chain?

A

Starting at carboxyl terminus
OR
Omega begin counting at methyl carbon at distal end of the chain

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9
Q

Carbons 2 and 3 of fatty acid

A

alpha and beta

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10
Q

How to name fatty acids?

A

E changes to -oic.
Double bonds change
-ane to en to dien to trien

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11
Q

18:0
Vs
18:2

A

18 Carbon FA w/ no double bonds and :2= 2 double bonds

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12
Q

Fatty acids usually contain an _____ number of Carbon atoms, typically between ____ and ____ carbons

A

EVEN ; 14 and 24

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13
Q

What length FA’s are most common?

A

16- and 18-

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14
Q

Configuration of the double bonds in most unsaturated FA’s is

A

Cis

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15
Q

FA’s are _______ at physiological pH

A

Ionized

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16
Q

What determines the properties of fatty acids?

A

Length of hydrocarbon chain

Degree of saturation

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17
Q

Relate melting point and unsaturated FA vs. saturated FA

A

Unsaturated has lower melting point…doesn’t allow for tight packing

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18
Q

How is melting point affected when saturated FA increase w/ chain length?

A

M.P increases w/ increased chain length d/t more tight packing is possible w/ more carbon groups

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19
Q

Name the 3 essential FA’s:

A

Linoleate
Linolenate
Arachidonate

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20
Q

Which EFA is not really a EFA?

A

Arachidonate

Can be manufactured by linolenate

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21
Q

What type of bond is found in archea that allows life in extreme environments? Why?

A

Ether bonds; they’re more resistant to hydrolysis

They also have branched and saturated hydrocarbons- resistant to oxidation

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22
Q

3 major membrane lipids:

A

Phospholipids
Glycolipids
Cholesterol

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23
Q

2 types of phospholipids

A

Phosphoglyceride

Sphingomyelin

24
Q

Major glycolipid:

A

Cerebroside

25
Q

What are the 4 components of a phospholipid?

A

1 FA
2 A backbone
3 A phosphate
4 An alcohol

26
Q

Which properties allow phospholipids to interact w/ the environment?

A

Hydrophilic properties of the phosphate and alcohol groups.

27
Q

Name the simplest phosphoglyceride:

A

Phosphatidate

OR

Diacylglycerol 3-phosphate

28
Q

What process is Phosphatidate or diacylglycerol 3-phosphate involved in?

A

It is a key intermediate in the biosynthesis of other phosphoglycerides

29
Q

Is there a lot of Phosphatidate in membrane?

A

No only small amounts of phosphatidate are present in membranes

30
Q

What is derived from Phosphatidate?

A

Phosphoglycerides

31
Q

Phosphoglyceride important for memory and cognition

A

Phosphatidylserine

32
Q

Phosphoglyceride that it’s major constituent of cell membrane and pulmonary surfactant

A

Phosphatidylcholine

33
Q

Phosphoglyceride composing 25% of all phospholipids and are found, particularly in humans, in nervous tissue such as the white matter of the brain

A

Phosphatidylethanolamine

34
Q

Phosphoglyceride important for signaling and other functional activities in eukaryotic cell

A

Phosphatidylinositol

35
Q

Phosphoglyceride that is important component of inner mitochondrial membrane

A

Diphosphatidylglycerol

36
Q

Amino group replaces a fatty acid component of phosphoglyceride…other fatty acid is unsaturated c-18

Amino Alcohol

A

Sphingosine

37
Q

Sphingosine + FA

A

Ceramide

38
Q

Ceramide + phosphorylcholine

A

Sphingomyelin

39
Q

Ceramide + monosaccharides

A

Cerebrosides

40
Q

Ceramide + oligosaccharides

A

Globoosides

41
Q

Ceramide oligosaccharides + NANA

A

Gangliosides

42
Q

Phospholipid w/ sphingosine as backbone w/ amide bonded FA and phosphorylcholine group

A

Sphingomyelin

43
Q

Where is sphingomyelin found? And what purpose does it serve?

A

Animal cell membranes in myelin sheath that surrounds some nerve cell axons

It provides electrical insulation for nerve transmission

44
Q
  • Sugar-containing lipids
  • Derived from sphingosine
  • Differ from sphingosine d/t unit linked to OH- grp of backbone
A

Glycolipids

45
Q

Glycolipids sugar moiety face intra/extracellular?

A

Extracellular. It is involved in cell to cell interactions

46
Q
  • The simplest glycolipid
  • Contains single sugar residue
  • Also called monoglycosylceramides
A

Cerebrosides

47
Q

Function of Cerebrosides:

A

Important components in animal muscle and nerve cell membranes

48
Q

A steroid, present in eukaryotes [not most porkaryotes]
Built from 4 fused saturated hydrocarbon rings
Classified as sterol b/c of OH- grp. And branched aliphatic side chain o 8-10 C atoms at C-17.

A

Cholesterol

49
Q

Which Carbon has the OH-grp in cholesterol?

A

Carbon 3

50
Q

Scientific name of cholesterol

A

Cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene ring system

51
Q

Most abundant steroid in animals

Major component of eukaryotic plasma membrane

A

Cholesterol

52
Q

Cholesterol orientation in membrane?

A

Parallel to FA chains of the phospholipids, and the hydroxyl group interacts w/ the nearby phospholipid head group.

53
Q

Cholesterol is absent in:

A

Some Intracellular membranes
And
Prokaryotes

54
Q

Metabolic precursor of steroid hormones:

A

Cholesterol

55
Q

Key components of lipids:

A

FA’s

Biochemistry (13 decks)

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