2 Chemistry Fundamentals Flashcards
What are Isotopes?
Atoms of an element that have the same # of p+, but different # of n^0.
Radioisotopes are…
An unstable isotope that decays (known as radioactive decay) over time, emitting particles and energy.
All isotopes…
All isotopes (including radioisotopes) of the same element behave the same way in chemical reactions.
An Ion is a …
a particle (atom or molecule) that has become charged due to addition or removal of e-.
A cation is a…
+ve charged ion (lost e-)
What is an Anion?
-ve charged ion (gained e-)
What is an Ionic bond?
The electrostatic (+ve and -ve) force of attraction between two oppositely charged ions.
- Ionic bonds are extremely strong.
Due to their charges, ionic compounds are also often readily soluble in polar solvents (like water).
A covalent bond is…
The sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between atoms.
What is a molecule?
Two or more covalently bonded atoms.
What molecule is the main molecule of life because of its abundance on Earth and its versatility. It can make 4 covalent single bonds and it can form double- or triple-bonds.
Carbon
Molecules are nonpolar if:
1) They contain only nonpolar bonds, or
2) They contain polar bonds that are equally distributed.
What are Intermolecular Force (IMF)
Intermolecular Force (IMF): Attraction between two molecules.
What are Dipole-Dipole forces?
Intermolecular force between the -ve dipole of a molecule to the +ve dipole of another molecule.
When do H Bonds form?
Forms when an H atom bonded to a N, O, or F atom is attracted to the lone e- pair on the N, O, or F atom of another molecule. Akin to dipole-dipole forces, but stronger.
What are London Dispersion Forces (LDFs)?
London Dispersion Forces (LDFs) are weak, temporary attractions between particles caused by random electron motion and interactions between electrons and protons.
What do IMFs help determine with?
IMFs help determine the physical properties of substances - including melting point, boiling point, and hardness.
What is Dehydration Synthesis Reaction?
A larger molecule is made from smaller molecules via the removal of water.
Also called a condensation reaction.
What is a hydrolysis reaction?
Water is used to break larger molecules down into smaller molecules.
What is the definition of Anabolism?
It is biochemical reactions that make larger molecules from smaller subunits (ex. dehydration synthesis reactions).
Anabolic reactions require energy from the organism.
what is the definition of Catabolism?
Biochemical reactions break-down large molecules to make smaller subunits (ex. hydrolysis reactions).
Catabolic reactions result in an overall release of energy.
What is a Neutralization Reaction?
An acid and a base are combined to make an ionic compound (a salt) and water.
