2: chapter 21 A

Question 1

what is immunity

Answer 1

resistance to disease

Question 2

what are the two intrinsic systems of the immune system

Answer 2

• innate

- adaptive

Question 3

is the innate intrinsic system specific or nonspecific?

Answer 3

nonspecific

Question 4

is the adaptive intrinsic system specific or nonspecific?

Answer 4

specific

Question 5

how is the adaptive intrinsic system acquired

Answer 5

through exposure

Question 6

what kind of system is the immune system

Answer 6

functional system rather than organ system

Question 7

are the innate and adaptive defenses intertwined

Answer 7

yes

Question 8

what do the systems do

Answer 8

release and recognize many of the same defensive molecules, antibodies, and enzymes

Question 9

do innate defenses have specific pathways

Answer 9

yes for certain substances

Question 10

how does the innate responses work

Answer 10

release proteins that alert cells of adaptive system to foreign molecules

Question 11

how many lines of defense does innate have

Answer 11

2

Question 12

*what are the lines of the innate defense

Answer 12

• first: external body membranes (skin and mucosae)

- second: antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells

Question 13

what does the second innate defense system do

Answer 13

• inhibit spread of invaders

- inflammation (most important mechanism)

Question 14

what line of defense is adaptive

Answer 14

third

Question 15

what does the third line ofdefense do

Answer 15

attack foreign substances

Question 16

which immunity defense system has a delayed response and takes longer to react?

Answer 16

• adaptive

- third line of defense