[2](CH-27) - Child Born With a Physical or Developmental Difference Flashcards
Is a birth defect characterized by incomplete formation of the lip.
Cleft Lip
Is a birth defect characterized by incomplete formation of the palate (Roof of the mouth)
Cleft Palate
What are the risk factors/possible causes that contribute to the possibility of Cleft Lip and Cleft Palate occurring?
- Smoking
- Gestational Diabetes
- Use of certain medications
- Lack of folate during pregnancy (Folic Acid Deficiency)
- Maternal exposure to Teratogens (during the first trimester)
Children with cleft palates are more prone to?
- Hearing problems
- Ear Infections
- Glue Ear
Definitive management for Cleft Lip & Cleft Palate is?
Surgical Correction
When is Cleft Lip surgery and Cleft Palate surgery done?
- Cleft Lip surgery: 3 months
- Cleft Palate surgery: 6-12 months
What are the types of Cleft Lip?
- Left Cleft Lip
- Right Cleft Lip
- Bilateral Cleft Lip
Refers to congenital GI anomalies wherein the esophagus & trachea do not separate normally during development
- Esophageal Atresia
- Tracheoesophageal Fistula
Both the esophagus and trachea develop and separate together, which begs the question of, “Does esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula occur together?”
Yes
From what organ does the esophagus and trachea develop? And when does this development occur?
- Primitive Foregut
- Weeks 4-6 of intrauterine development
What separates or divides the primitive foregut to form the esophagus and trachea?
Tracheoesophageal Septum
What are the products of the division of the primitive foregut caused by the tracheoesophageal septum?
- Laryngotracheal Tube (Anterior)
- Esophagus (Posterior)
What does the Laryngotracheal Tube develop into?
- Larynx
- Trachea
What is the exact cause of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?
- Unknown
What are the risk factors of esophageal atresia and tracheoesophageal fistula?
PRENATAL FACTORS
- Maternal use of alcohol & smoking
- Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus
- Increased Maternal Age
- Exposure to drugs (Methimazole, diethylstillbestrol)
UNRELATED TO MATERNAL FACTORS
- Chromosomal Anomalies (Trisomy 13, 18, or 21)
- Vacterl Syndrome (Associated with spinal, anal, heart, kidneys, limb (anomalies) and tracheoesophageal fistulas)
Which type of esophageal atresia occurs when there is no connection between the esophagus and stomach?
Type A
Around what week of intrauterine development does the esophagus fail to elongate and connect to the stomach in esophageal atresia?
Week 4
Which type of esophageal atresia occurs when the proximal esophagus connects ONLY to the trachea
Type B
Which type of esophageal atresia occurs when the distal esophagus connects to the trachea
Type C
Which type of esophageal atresia occurs when BOTH the proximal and distal esophagus connect to the trachea, with the middle part of the esophagus missing.
Type D