[2](CH-26) - High Risk Newborn

Question 1

Refers to a newborn whose birth weight is inappropriately low for gestational age.

Answer 1

Dysmature

Question 2

Refers to the number of weeks the newborn remained in utero.

Answer 2

Gestational Age

Question 3

Refers to when in the first few seconds of life, a severely (Respiratory) depressed newborn may take several weak gasps of air and then almost immediately stop breathing, resulting in a decrease in the heart rate.

Answer 3

Primary Apnea

Question 4

Common first signs of obstruction or respiratory compromise in newborns.

Answer 4

• Steadily increasing respiratory rate
• Grunting
• Nasal Flaring

Question 5

Common causes of Hypovolemia immediately after birth

Answer 5

• Placenta Previa
• Twin to Twin Transfusion

Question 6

Refers to the accumulation of unconjugated bilirubin into the brain cells. Is also defined as, the destruction of brain cells by invasion of indirect or unconjugated bilirubin (Iskander & Gamaleldin, 2021).

Answer 6

Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy (ABE)

Question 7

Refers to open beds that have an attached overhead source of radiant heat and provide both warmth for the neonate and visibility for observation.

Answer 7

Radiant Heat Warmers

Question 8

Originally referred to as Kangaroo Care. Refers to when a parent’s skin is in direct contact with the neonate’s skin to maintain body heat

Answer 8

Skin to Skin Care

Question 9

Refers to neonates born after the beginning of week 38 and before week 42 of pregnancy

Answer 9

Term

Question 10

Refers to neonates born after week 20 and before week 37 of pregnancy

Answer 10

Preterm

Question 11

Refers to neonates born after the end of week 41 of pregnancy

Answer 11

Postterm

Question 12

Refers to infants weighing less than 2,500 g at birth.

Answer 12

Low Birth Weight (LBW) Infant

Question 13

Refers to infants weighing less than 1,500 g at birth.

Answer 13

Very Low Birth Weight (VLBW) Infant

Question 14

Refers to infants weighing less than 1,000 g at birth.

Answer 14

Extremely Low Birth Weight (ELBW) Infant

Question 15

Refers to infants born between week 34 and week 37 of pregnancy.

Answer 15

Late Preterm

Question 16

Refers to infants born between week 24 and week 34 of pregnancy.

Answer 16

Early Preterm

Question 17

The exact cause of premature labor and labor birth is?

Answer 17

Unknown

Question 18

Refers to lung collapse.

Answer 18

Pneumothorax

Question 19

Refers to when normal cells are few in number.

Answer 19

Normocytic Anemia

Question 20

Refers to bleeding into the tissue surrounding the ventricles

Answer 20

Periventricular Hemorrhage

Question 21

Refers to bleeding into the ventricles

Answer 21

Intraventricular Hemorrhage

Question 22

Refers to an excess amount of Bilirubin in the blood.

Answer 22

Hyperbilirubinemia

Question 23

Refers to an increase in the absolute red blood cell (RBC) mass in the body.

Answer 23

Polycythemia

Question 24

What is the abbreviation for Appropriate for Gestational Age?

Answer 24

AGA

Question 25

What is the abbreviation for **Small for Gestational Age**?

Answer 25

SGA

Question 26

What is the abbreviation for **Large for Gestational Age**?

Answer 26

LGA

Question 27

What does **AGA** mean?

Answer 27

Appropriate for Gestational Age

Question 28

What does **SGA** mean?

Answer 28

Small for Gestational Age

Question 29

What does **LGA** mean?

Answer 29

Large for Gestational Age

Question 30

Another term to call an SGA infant.

Answer 30

Microsomia

Question 31

Refers to when an infant **fails to grow at the expected rate in utero**.

Answer 31

Intrauterine Growth Restriction (IUGR)

Question 32

What is a major contributor to IUGR?

Answer 32

Lack of adequate Nutrition

Question 33

Other term used to call an LGA infant.

Answer 33

Macrosomia

Question 34

Refers to a **rare condition** characterized by *general body overgrowth and congenital anomalies* such as omphalocele.

Answer 34

Beckwith—Wiedemann Syndrome

Question 35

Refers to when the **wide fetal shoulders cannot pass** or need significant manipulation to pass through the outlet of the pelvis.

Answer 35

Shoulder Dystocia

Question 36

How many weeks does a placenta continue to function effectively?

Answer 36

40 Weeks

Question 37

Refers to the cessation in respirations lasting longer than 20 seconds, sometimes accompanied by bradycardia and/or cyanosis.

Answer 37

Apnea

Question 38

Is a gastrointestinal disease that occurs when the bowel develops **necrotic** patches, interfering with digestion and possibly leading to a paralytic ileus, perforation, and peritonitis. It occurs because of anoxia to the bowel and so may result as a complication of exchange transfusion or an episode of breathing difficulty.

Answer 38

Necrotizing Enterocolitis

Question 39

Is an acquired ocular disease that leads to partial or total blindness in children, is caused by vasoconstriction of immature retinal blood vessels. A **high concentration of oxygen** has been established as the causative agent.

Answer 39

Retinopathy of Prematurity (ROP)

Question 40

A serious lung disorder caused by immaturity and inability to produce surfactant, resulting in hypoxia and acidosis.

Answer 40

Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)

Question 41

Refers to generalized infection in the newborn; a clinical syndrome of systemic illness accompanied by bacteremia.

Answer 41

Neonatal Sepsis

Question 42

Refers to sudden unexplained death in infancy.

Answer 42

Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)

Question 43

What is the peak age of incidence of SIDS?

Answer 43

2-4 months of age

Question 44

What is the cause of SIDS?

Answer 44

Unknown

Question 45

Refers to the **orange-yellow pigment** of bile, formed principally by the **breakdown of the hemoglobin** in red blood cells after termination of their normal lifespan

Answer 45

Bilirubin

Question 46

Refers to **yellowish discoloration** of the tissues. Occurs when **bilirubin** is deposited to fatty tissues

Answer 46

Jaundice

Question 47

Refers to an abnormal toxic accumulation of bilirubin in the central nervous system tissues caused by hyperbilirubinemia.

Answer 47

Kernicterus

Question 48

Refers to prolonged severe spasm of the muscles, causing the back to arch acutely, the head to bend back on the neck, the heels to bend back on the legs, and the arms and hands to flex rigidly at the joints.

Answer 48

Opisthotonus

Question 49

What is a normal bilirubin value? and when does it become abnormal?

Answer 49

Normal Value: - 2-6 mg/100 mL **OR** Not exceeding 12 mg/100 mL Abnormal Value: - Exceeding 12-13 mg/100 mL

Question 50

What are the common complications of a **postmature/postterm** infant?

Answer 50

Hypoglycemia & Hypothermia

Question 51

What are the acute conditions that neonates experience?

Answer 51

- Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) - Meconium Aspiration Syndrome - Sepsis - Hyperbilirubinemia - Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS)