2. Cervical Lymph Nodes and Neck Lumps. Flashcards
What are the functions of the lymphatic system?
• Remove excess fluid from interstitial space
• Returns small proteins (inc. pathogens) and fluid that leaked from capillaries
• Key role in immune defence and surveillance
- Physical and phagocytic barrier
- Source of lymphocytes
What are the main causes of Clinical manifestations of disease involving the lymphatic system?
– Lymphoedema
– Lymphadenopathy: swollen lymph node(s) due to infection or malignancy (primary and secondary)
In infections, why do the lymph nodes swell?
lymphocytes Activate and proliferate in response to antigens
How many lymph nodes do All substances transported in lymph travel through?
• All substances transported in lymph pass through ≥ 1 lymph node
In which regions of the body are lymph nodes mainly found in?
- neck
- armpit
- groin
Where are most of the lymph nodes found?
Nearly ½ of all the body’s lymph nodes are found in the neck
What aspect of lymph nodes slows the flow of lymph?
many afferent vessels but single efferent vessel - allows lymph node to filter and react to any antigens
What are the characteristics of enlarged lymph nodes in lymphadenopathy caused by infection?
Tender, mobile
What are the characteristics of lymph nodes in lymphadenopathy caused by malignancy?
Hard, matted, non-tender,
rubbery, mobile, fast growing
If lymph node is found to be enlarged what needs to be done?
- Comprehensive history
- Examine the area of tissue it drains
- If systemic disease/malignancy suspected examine other lymph nodes and body systems
Where are the superficial and deep lymph nodes in the neck found?
Superficial within the superficial fascia.
Deep lymph nodes deep to the investing layer of fascia (and deep to SCM).
Where are many of the deep lymph nodes in the neck found?
Associated with the route of the IJV in the carotid sheath
Which lymph nodes do the superficial lymph nodes of the neck drain into to?
The deep lymph nodes of the neck
Where do structures invested within the investing layer of fascia drain into?
Deep lymph nodes of the neck
Which type of lymph node is more readily palpable?
superficial
What are the superficial lymph nodes of the neck and where are they found?
superficial cervical (superficial to SCM), anterior cervical (anterior triangle) and posterior cervical (posterior triangle)
Which structures are the superficial lymph nodes of the neck associated with?
EJV or AJV
What are the superficial lymph nodes draining face and scalp?
1) submental lymph nodes
2) submandibular lymph nodes
3) pre auricular lymph nodes
4) post-auricular lymph nodes
5) occipital lymph nodes
what does the superficial lymph nodes draining the face and scalp drain into?
deep lymph nodes in the neck
Which lymph nodes are most likely to swell in conjunctivitis?
Preauricular
What are the deep lymph nodes of the neck?
Jugulo-digastric, jugulo-omohyoid, supraclavicular
Which lymph nodes swell in tonsillitis?
Jugulodigastric
Which lymph nodes drain which part of the tongue?
Anterior = Submental, middle = submandibular, posterior = directly to deep lymph nodes
Where is the supraclavicular lymph nodes found and which part of the body do they drain?
In the supraclavicular fossa in the posterior triangle. Drain chest and abdomen
