2. Central Dogma of Mol. Biol.

Question 1

DNA replication similarities with transcription

Answer 1

• template = DNA
• DNA unwound by helices at replication origins (different name but same thing)
• new strand synthesised 5’ to 3’ antiparallel to template: chain growth at 3’ end
• monomers = NTP
• direct interaction between template DNA and incoming monomers
• attack of 3’ OH on alpha phosphate of incoming dNTP –> B, y diphosphate dropped

Question 2

DNA replication differences with transcription

Answer 2

• monomer = dNTP
• start site but no stop site
• start site called replication origin
• newly synthesised DNA strand never separates from template strand
• both original DNA strands serve as template strands
• start with 1 DNA molecule: end up with 2 DNA molecules

Question 3

codon

Answer 3

3-nucleotide amino acid

Question 4

genetic code is degenerate

Answer 4

64 different codons give rise to the same 20 amino acids

Question 5

translation start codon

Answer 5

AUG

Question 6

translation stop codons

Answer 6

UAA, UAG, UGA

Question 7

AUG codes for

Answer 7

Methionine (Met)

Question 7

tRNA acts as an adaptor to…

Answer 7

transform nucleotide into amino acid signal

Question 7

translation: interaction between template and next monomer to be added is…

Answer 7

indirect

Question 8

where does translation occur?

Answer 8

ribosome

Question 9

template for protein synthesis (translation)

Answer 9

mRNA

Question 10

tRNA contains…

Answer 10

anticodon complementary to the codon on the mRNA sequence

Question 11

frameshift mutations

Answer 11

displacement of 1 nucleotide in a codon gives a completely different protein

Question 12

small change in RNA =

Answer 12

big change in protein

Question 13

Central dogma part 1

Answer 13

DNA replicates using itself as a template + DNA polymerase

Question 14

central dogma part 2

Answer 14

DNA transcribed to RNA with help of RNA polymerase

Question 15

central dogma part 3

Answer 15

RNA translated into protein with help of ribosome

Question 16

translation process

Answer 16

1. tRNA enters ribosome, bringing first anticodon to bind to start site codon on mRNA
2. amino acids added to polypeptide chain
3. release factor recognises stop codon –> complex dissociates + polypeptide released