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BIOL200 > 1. Building blocks and linear polymers > Flashcards

1. Building blocks and linear polymers Flashcards

1
Q

polymer

A

covalent bond-linked chain on monomers

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2
Q

common element

A

shared by all different monomers for that class of informational biopolymers

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3
Q

characteristic element

A

makes each monomer different from the others

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4
Q

what forms the link between monomers, aka the backbone?

A

common element

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5
Q

informational biopolymers contain…

A

more than 1 kind of monomer
i.e. DNA, RNA and protein

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6
Q

how many monomer units can be joined with 1 joining site?

A

only 2 monomer units joined together: can’t form polymer

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6
Q

informational biopolymers have __ joining sites

A

2

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6
Q

sequence

A

order of monomer units in an informational biopolymer
–> different sequence = different information

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6
Q

2 joining sites on monomer units can form…

A

linear/circular polymers of infinite length

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7
Q

advantages of having 2 joining sites

A

more efficient packaging and handling of molecule

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8
Q

3 joining sites on monomer units can form…

A

branched polymers

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9
Q

polymer growth is…

A

unidirectional: monomers added to the 3’ end

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10
Q

nucleotide characteristic element

A

heterocyclic base

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11
Q

nucleotide common element

A

pentose sugar phosphate backbone

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12
Q

2 joining sites on nucleotides

A
  • 5’ phosphate
  • 3’ hydroxyl
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13
Q

difference between ribose and deoxyribose + reason

A

deoxyribose doesn’t have 2’ OH group which makes it more stable for DNA

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14
Q

bond between sugar phosphate and heterocyclic bases

A

N-glycosidic bond

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15
Q

why does DNA have T instead of U

A

makes chemical damage easier to repair

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16
Q

bond between adjacent nucleotides

A

phosphodiester bonds

17
Q

purine heterocyclic bases

A

Adenine and Guanine (A and G)

18
Q

pyrimidine heterocyclic bases

A

Cytosine, Guanine, Uracil (C, U, G)

19
Q

amino acid characteristic element

A

amino acid side chain (R)

20
Q

amino acid common element

A

carbon + carboxyl + amino group

21
Q

2 joining sites on amino acids

A
  • amino group (NH2)
  • carboxyl group (COOH)
22
Q
A
23
Q

protein grows by addition of monomers to which end

A

carboxyl end

23
Q

how many different amino acid side chains?

A

20

23
Q

3 main classes of amino acid side chains

A
  • hydrophobic: 8 amino acids
  • hydrophilic: 9 amino acids
  • special: 3 amino acids
24
Q

ribosomal NTPs

A

ATP, CTP, GTP, UTP

24
Q

bond between amino acids

A

peptide bond

24
Q

Nucleoside TriPhosphates (NTPs)

A

nucleotides energised to high energy

24
Q

deoxyribosomal NTPs

A

dATP, dCTP, dGTP, dTTP

25
Q

DNA is

A

double-stranded and anti-parallel

25
Q

what happens when NTP is added to growing nucleic acid

A

the outer 2 phosphates are kicked out from amino acid

25
Q

bonds between DNA bases

A

Hydrogen bonds

26
Q

denaturation

A

breaking of weak hydrogen bonds in DNA

26
Q

Tm depends on

A

sugar phosphate base composition

26
Q

Tm

A

temperature at which DNA is half melted

26
Q

renaturation

A

DNA strand reformation

27
Q

G-C base pair H-bonds

A

3 H-bonds

28
Q

A-T base pair H-bonds

A

2 H-bonds

29
Q

which base pair has highest Tm

A

G-C has higher Tm: more H bonds, takes more energy to separate

30
Q

bending of DNA along its axis is important for

A

DNA-protein interactions and DNA folding

31
Q

DNA is read by…

A

DNA-binding proteins at the major and minor grooves

32
Q

high energy nucleotides are in the form of

A

amino acyl-tRNAs

33
Q

when is the tRNA molecule removed from nucleotide

A

when the next amino acid is added to the polymer chain

BIOL200 (6 decks)

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