2- Cells Flashcards
What’s the structure of the nucleus
Nuclear envelope- double membrane
Nucleoplasm- jelly like
Chromosomes- protein bound linear DNA
Nucleolus- site of rRNA and ribosome production
What’s the function of the nucleus
Site of DNA replication and transcription
Contains genetic code
What’s the structure of endoplasmic reticulum
Rough and smooth both have folded membrane (cisternae)
Rough ER have ribosomes on cisternae
What’s the function of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum
SER- synthesises and stores lipids and carbohydrates
RER- protein synthesis
What’s the structure of Golgi apparatus/vesicles
Folded membrane forming cisternae
Secretary vesicles pinch off from cisternae
What’s the function of Golgi apparatus/vesicles
Adds carbs to proteins forming glycoproteins
Produces secretory enzymes
Transports, modifies, stores lipids
Form lysosomes
Labels molecules with a destination
Finished products transported to cell surface in the vesicles, fuse with membrane, contents released
Structure of lysosomes
Bag of digestive enzymes
Function of lysosomes
Hydrolyse phagocytic cells
Autolysis, completely break down dead cells
Exocytosis, release enzymes outside of membrane to destroy material
Digests worn organelle for reuse of material
Structure of mitochondria
Double membrane
Inner membrane called cristae
Fluid centre called mitochondrial matrix
Loop of mitochondrial DNA
Function of mitochondria
Site of aerobic respiration and ATP production
DNA to code for enzymes needed for respiration
Structure of ribosomes
Small, two subunits of protein and rRNA
80s, larger found in eukaryotes
70s, smaller found in prokaryotes, mitochondria and chloroplasts
Function of ribosomes
Site of protein synthesis
Structure of vacuoles (plant cell)
Fluid surrounded by a single membrane called tonoplast
Function of vacuole (plants)
Turgid,support
Temporary store of sugars and amino acids
Pigments colour petals attracting pollinators
Structure of chloroplasts (plants)
Double membrane
Contains thylakoids (folded membranes with pigments)
Fluid filled stroma contains enzymes for photosynthesis
Function of chloroplasts (plants)
Site of photosynthesis
Structure of a cell wall (plants and fungi)
Plants- microfibrils of a polymer of cellulose
Fungi- chitin, a polysaccharide containing nitrogen
Function of a cell wall
Structural strength to the cell
Structure of the cell surface/plasma membrane
Phospholipid bilayer, molecules like proteins carbs and cholesterol are embedded within and attached on the outside
Function of the cell surface/plasma membrane
Controls the entrance/exit of molecules
Structure of a cell wall (prokaryotes)
Complex, made of tough protein murein
Structure of mesosomes (prokaryotes)
Folds in the cell membrane
Function of mesosomes (prokaryotes)
Large surface area for the attachment of enzymes involved in respiration
Structure of genetic material (prokaryotes)
Single circular loop of DNA
No nuclear membrane