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I.3. Plant Kingdom > 2. Bryophyte & Pteridophyte > Flashcards

2. Bryophyte & Pteridophyte Flashcards

1
Q

Topic - Bryophytes (Study - Bryology)

A
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2
Q

Commonly growing in damp, moist, shaded areas in the hills.
T/F

A

True

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3
Q

They are non-vascular terrestrial plants because

A

Xylem & Phloem are absent

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4
Q

They are called ______ of the plant kingdom because they can live in soil but need _____ for sexual reproduction.

A

Amphibians of Plant Kingdom;
Water

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5
Q

They cannot complete their life cycle without water.
T/F

A

True

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6
Q

Their body is more differentiated than that of algae.
T/F

A

True

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7
Q

It is _____-like (Plant body), prostrate or erect, and attached to the substratum by unicellular or multicellular ______.

A

Thallus-like (Plant body);
Rhizoids (root-like)

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8
Q

They lack true roots, stems, or leaves. They may possess root-like, leaf-like, or stem-like structures.
T/F

A

True

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9
Q

A diploid sporophyte that lives as ______ on an independent haploid gametophyte (Main plant body).

A

Parasite

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10
Q

The main plant body is _____ (diploid/haploid). It produces gametes.
Hence is called ______.

A

Haploid (Main plant body);
Gametophyte

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11
Q

The dominant phase in the life cycle in bryophytes is the ______ plant body.

A

Gametophytic

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12
Q

The sex organs in bryophytes are _____ (uni/multi) cellular.

A

Multicellular

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13
Q

The male sex organ (______) produces biflagellate ______ so that it can swim in the water.

A

Antheridium; Antherozoids

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14
Q

The female sex organ (______) is flask-shaped and produces _____ (single/multiple) eggs.

A

Archegonium; Single egg

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15
Q

Antherozoids are released into the water, where they come in contact with archegonium.
Antherozoid fuses with the egg to form _____.

A

a Zygote

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16
Q

Zygotes do not undergo meiosis immediately and produce a multicellular body called _____.

A

Sporophyte (but dependent on photosynthesis Gametophyte and derives nourishment from it)

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17
Q

Topic - Importance of Bryophytes

A
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18
Q

Some mosses provide food for herbivorous mammals, birds, and other animals.
T/F

A

True

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19
Q

Species of ______ provide peat which is used as fuel and has a ______ capacity, so it is used as packing material for the trans-shipment of living material.

A

Sphagnum (Moss);
Water-holding Capacity

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20
Q

They have great ecological importance because they are important in plant succession on bare rocks/soil.
T/F

A

True

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21
Q

Mosses (along with lichens) decompose rocks making the substrate suitable for the growth of higher plants.
T/F

A

True

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22
Q

Since mosses form dense mats on the soil, they can prevent soil erosion.
T/F

A

True

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23
Q

The bryophytes are divided into:

A

I. Liverworts
II. Mosses

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24
Q

Topic - Liverworts

A
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25
Q

Grow in moist, shady habitats.
T/F

A

True

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26
Q

The plant body of a liverwort is _____.
Example.

A

Thalloid;
E.g., Marchantia (Dioccious)

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27
Q

Leafy members have tiny leaf-like appendages in two rows on the stem-like structures.
T/F

A

True

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28
Q

Topic - Repro in Liverworts

A
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29
Q

Asexual reproduction is done by:
I. Fragmentation of -
II. Formation of -

A

I. Fragmentation of thalli
E.g., Marchantia
II. Formation of Gemmae buds (sing. gemma)

30
Q

Gemmae are green, multicellular, ____ (asexual/sexual) buds that develop in small receptacles (______) on the thalli.

A

Asexual buds;
Gemma cups

31
Q

Gemmae detach from the parent body and germinate to form new individuals.
T/F

A

True

32
Q

In this case, (uni/multi) cellular
I. Rhizoids -
II. Gemma cup -

A

I. Rhizoids - Unicellular
II. Gemma cup - Multicellular

33
Q

Sexual reproduction is done by male and female sex organs produced on the ____ (same/different) thalli.

A
  • Same thalli
  • Different thalli (Marchantia)
34
Q

Sporophyte is differentiated into:

A
  • Foot
  • Seta
  • Capsule
35
Q

After meiosis, spores (n) are produced within _____. These spores germinate to form _____ gametophytes.

A

Capsule;
Free-living gametophyte

36
Q

Topic - Mosses

A
37
Q

The predominant stage of the life cycle of Moss is the ______ which consists of two stages -

A

Gametophyte;
Two Stages (Protonema & Leafy Stage)

38
Q

Spores do not form gametophyte directly; instead, it forms something called Protonema.
T/F

A

True

39
Q

_____ stage is the first stage which develops directly from _____.

A

Protonema stage; Spore

40
Q

______ is a creeping, green, branched, and frequently filamentous stage.

A

Protonema

41
Q

____ stage is the second stage which develops from the ______ as a lateral bud.

A

Leafy stage;
Secondary protonema

42
Q

Secondary protonema consists of upright, slender axes bearing spirally arranged leaves.
T/F

A

True

43
Q

They are attached to the soil through ______. This stage bears the sex organs.

A

Rhizoids (multicellular & branched)

44
Q

Vegetative reproduction is done by ____ & ____ in the secondary protonema.

A

Fragmentation; Budding (in secondary protonema)

45
Q

In Sexual reproduction, _____ & _____ are produced at the apex of leafy shoots.
After fertilization, the zygote develops into ______ consisting of ______.

A

Antheridia & Archegonia;
Sporophyte (2n);
Foot, Seta, and Capsule (contains spores)

46
Q

Spores are formed after _____ (mitosis/meiosis).

A

Meiosis

47
Q

Mosses have an elaborate mechanism of spore dispersal (pop sound).
T/F

A

True

48
Q

The sporophyte in mosses is more elaborate than that in liverworts.
T/F

A

True

49
Q

Example of Moss:

A
  • Funaria
  • Polytrichum
  • Sphagnum
50
Q

Topic - Pteridophytes

A
51
Q

Primitive seedless vascular plants that have -

I. Conspicuous -
II. Inconspicuous (not clearly visible)-

A

I. Sporophyte (main plant body)
II. Gametophytes

52
Q

Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plants to possess vascular tissues.
T/F

A

True

53
Q

Pteridophytes include -

A
  • Horsetails
  • Ferns
54
Q

Used for medicinal purposes and as soil binders and are frequently grown as ornamentals.
T/F

A

True

55
Q

Found in cool, damp, shady places though some may flourish in sandy soil conditions.
T/F

A

True

56
Q

In pteridophytes, the main plant body is ______, which is differentiated into ______.

A

Sporophyte;
true root, stem, and leaves

57
Q

The leaves in pteridophytes are
I. Small -
II. Large -

A

I. Small (Microphylls) in Selaginella
II. Large (Macrophylls) in Fern

58
Q

The sporophytes bear sporangia that are subtended by leaf-like appendages called ______.

A

Sporophylls

59
Q

In some cases, sporophylls may form distinct compact structures called ______.

A

Strobili (or Cones)
(in Selaginella and Equisetum)

60
Q

Sporangia produce spores by meiosis in spore mother cells.
T/F

A

True

61
Q

The spores germinate to give rise to inconspicuous, small, multicellular, free-living, mostly photosynthetic thalloid gametophytes called ______.

A

Prothallus

62
Q

The gametophytes bear:
I. Male sex organs -
II. Female sex organs -

A

I. Antheridia
II. Archegonia

63
Q

____ is needed to transfer antherozoids (male gametes from antheridia) to the mouth of an Archegonium.

A

Water

64
Q

Antherozoid fuses with the egg in the archegonium to form a zygote.
T/F

A

True

65
Q

Zygote produces a multicellular well-differentiated sporophyte (dominant phase).
T/F

A

True

66
Q

Most of the pteridophytes produce similar kinds of spores (_______). Others produce two kinds of spores (______).

A

Homosporous plants (Fern);
Macro & Microspores

67
Q

Macro & Microspores are heterosporous.
Example.

A

Selaginella & Salvinia

68
Q

Spores germinate and give rise to:
I. Female gametophytes -
II. Male gametophytes -

A

I. Megaspores
II. Microspores

69
Q

The _____ (male/female) gametophytes are retained on the parent sporophytes for variable periods.

A

Female gametophytes

70
Q

Within female gametophytes, zygotes develop into young embryos.
T/F

A

True

71
Q

This event (zygotes into embryos) is a precursor to the seed habit. It is considered an important step in evolution.
T/F

A

True

72
Q

Pteridophytes have 4 classes:

A
  1. Psilopsida (e.g. Psilotum)
  2. Lycopsida (e.g. Selaginella, Lycopodium)
  3. Sphenopsida (e.g. Equisetum)
  4. Pteropsida (e.g. Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum (walking fern))

I.3. Plant Kingdom (3 decks)

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