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I.3. Plant Kingdom > 1. Algae > Flashcards

1. Algae Flashcards

1
Q

Topic - Algae (Study - Phycology)

A
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2
Q

Algae are simple, thalloid,
I. (Auto/heterotrophic)
II. Largely (terrestrial/aquatic)

A

I. Autotrophic (Chlorophyll-bearing);
II. Aquatic (fresh and marine)

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3
Q

Found in moist stones, soil, and wood.
T/F

A

True

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4
Q

Some occur in association with:
I. Fungi -
II. Animals -

A

I. Lichen
II. On Sloth bear

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5
Q

The form and size of algae are highly variable.
T/F

A

True

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6
Q

Topic - Reproduction in Algae

A
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7
Q

Algae reproduce by
I. Vegetative repro -
II. Asexual repro -
III. Sexual repro -

A

I. Fragmentation (Spirogyra)
II. Production of spores (Chlamydomonas)
III. Fusion of two gametes

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8
Q

In Vegetative reproduction, each fragment develops into a _____.

A

Thallus (Plant body)

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9
Q

The most common example of Asexual repro.

A

Zoospores

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10
Q

Zoospores have ______ (motile) and, on ______, give rise to new plants.

A

Flagellated; Germination

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11
Q

Sexual reproduction by
I. Isogamous -
II. Anisogamous -
III. Oogamous -

A

I. Isogamous: Fusion of gametes similar in size.
(Morphology - similar & physiology - different)
E.g., Flagellated (Chlamydomonas) or non-flagellated (Spirogyra).
II. Anisogamous: Fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size.
E.g. Some species of Chlamydomonas (bruani)
III. Oogamous: Fusion between one large, non-motile (static) female gamete and a smaller, motile male gamete.

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12
Q

Topic - Benefits of Algae

A
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13
Q

Through photosynthesis, they fix nearly half of the total ____ on earth and increase the level of ______.

A

CO2; Dissolved Oxygen

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14
Q

Many marine algae (70 species) are used as food.
Examples.

A

Porphyra, Laminaria, and Sargassum.

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15
Q

Some marine brown & red algae produce large amounts of hydrocolloids (water-holding substances) used commercially.
Examples.

A

Algin (brown algae) and carrageen (red algae)

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16
Q

They are primary producers and the basis of the food cycles of all aquatic animals.
T/F

A

True

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17
Q

______ is used as agar-agar to grow microbes and to prepare ______.

A

Gelidium & Gracilaria;
Ice creams and jellies

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18
Q

______ are unicellular algae, rich in proteins, and are used as food supplements even by space travelers.

A

SCP:
1. Chlorella
2. Spirulina (BGA & Cyanobacteria)

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19
Q

Algae include three classes:

A

I. Chlorophyceae (Green algae)
II. Phaeophyceae (Brown algae)
III. Rhodophyceae (Red algae)

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20
Q

Topic - Chlorophyceae (Green Algae)

A
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21
Q

They are found in freshwater, brackish water, and salt water.
T/F

A

True

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22
Q

They are usually grass green due to the pigments _____ in chloroplasts.

A

chlorophyll a and b

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23
Q

The chloroplasts may be discoid, plate-like, reticulate, cup-shaped, spiral, or ribbon-shaped in different species.
T/F

A

True

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24
Q

Most have one or more storage bodies like ______ located in the chloroplasts.

A

Pyrenoids
(formation of starch)
(contain protein-core & starchy sheath)

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25
Q

Some algae store food in the form of oil droplets.
T/F

A

True

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26
Q

Have a rigid cell wall made of -

A
  • Inner layer (Cellulose)
  • Outer layer (Pectose)
27
Q

Common examples of Green algae are -

A

Chlamydomonas
Volvox
Ulothrix
Spirogyra
Chara (Monecious plant)

28
Q

Flagella in Chlorophyceae are -

A

2-8 apical, equal flagella

29
Q

Exception for green algae that have non-motile gametes.

A

Spirogyra (Non-flagellated)

30
Q

Topic - Repro in Chlorophycae (Green Algae)

A
31
Q

Vegetative reproduction is done by -

A

I. Fragmentation
II. By formation of different types of spores.

32
Q

Asexual reproduction is done by -

A

Flagellated zoospores (produced in Zoosporangia).

33
Q

Sexual reproduction (sex cell formation) is done by

A

I. Isogamous
II. Anisogamous (Eudorina)
III. Oogamous (Chara, Volvox)

34
Q

Topic - Phaeophyceae (Brown Algae)

A
35
Q

They are found in freshwater (rare), brackish water, and salt water.
T/F

A

True

36
Q

They vary in color from ___ to ___ depending upon the amount of ___ and ___.

A

Olive green to brown;
Xanthophyll pigment (Fucoxanthin)

37
Q

The pigments present in Phaeophyceae.

A

I. Chlorophyll a, c
II. Carotenoids
III. Xanthophyll (Fucoxanthin)

38
Q

Food is stored as complex carbohydrates, which may be in the form of ______.

A

Laminarin or Mannitol

39
Q

The vegetative cells have _____ walls usually covered on the outside by a gelatinous coating of ____.

A

Cellulosic wall; Algin

40
Q

Protoplast contains:

A

I. Plastids
II. A central vacuole
III. A nucleus

41
Q

The plant body is attached to the substratum by _____ and has a stalk (_____) and leaf-like photosynthetic organ (_____).

A

Holdfast; Stipe; Frond

42
Q

Flagella in Phaeophyceae are -

A

2, unequal, lateral

43
Q

Examples of Phaeophycae.

A

Ectocarpus (Simple branched & filamentous)
Dictyota
Laminaria
Sargassum
Fucus
Kelps

44
Q

_____ form a massive or profusely branched plant body that may reach up to a height of 100 meters.

A

Kelps

45
Q

Topic - Repro in Phaeophycae

A
46
Q

Vegetative reproduction is done by -

A

Fragmentation

47
Q

Asexual reproduction is done by pear-shaped ______.

A

Biflagellated Zoospores (2 unequal laterally attached flagella)

48
Q

Sexual reproduction is done by -

A

I. Isogamous
II. Anisogamous
III. Oogamous

49
Q

Union of gametes occurs in water or within the ______.

A

Oogonium (Oogamous species)

50
Q

Gametes are pear-shaped (______) bearing two laterally attached flagella.

A

Pyriform

51
Q

Topic - Rhodophyceae (Red Algae)

A
52
Q

They are found in warmer areas, freshwater (some), brackish water, and saltwater (most).
T/F

A

True

53
Q

They have pigments like -

A

I. Chlorophyll a, d
II. R-phycoerythrin (Red pigment)
III. Phycocyanin

54
Q

The red thalli of most Red algae are _____ (unicellular/multicellular).

A

Multicellular

55
Q

Some of them have complex body organization.
T/F

A

True

56
Q

Cell wall of these are made up of -

A

I. Cellulose
II. Pectin
III. Polysulphate esters

57
Q

The food is stored as _____, similar to _____ and ______ in structure.

A

Floridian starch;
Amylopectin & Glycogen

58
Q

In red algae, spores, and gametes are ______ (non-motile/motile).

A

non-motile (Flagella is absent)

59
Q

Example of Rhodophyceae.

A

Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracilaria, and Gelidium

60
Q

Topic - Repro in Rhodophyceae

A
61
Q

Vegetative reproduction is done by -

A

Fragmentation

62
Q

Asexual reproduction is done by -

A

Aplanospore (Non-motile spores)

63
Q

Sexual reproduction is done by _____ that has complex post-fertilization developments.

A

Oogamous (Non-motile gametes)

I.3. Plant Kingdom (3 decks)

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