2. Brain and Behaviour

Question 1

The 2 Types of Nervous Systems

Answer 1

Central Nervous System (CNS)
- This includes the brain and the spinal cord

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- This includes the Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System

Question 2

Neurons

Answer 2

Cells in the body that transmit and receive information

Question 3

Neurons - Body (soma)

Answer 3

contains nucleus and site where neurotransmitters are made

Question 4

Neurons - Dendrites

Answer 4

receives incoming messages from other cells

Question 5

Neurons - Axon

Answer 5

transmits signal from body to next cell and neuron to muscles or glands

Question 6

Neurons - Axon Terminals

Answer 6

chemicals released here to next neuron, relays information to the next neuron

Question 7

Neurons - Myelin Sheaths

Answer 7

Glial cells that provide insulation for neuron to increase speed
(hops through it)
Sharp vs. dull pain

Question 8

Purpose of the Glial Cells

Answer 8

Produces cerebral spinal fluid
Form blood-brain barrier
Assists immune system

Question 9

Resting potential

Answer 9

Neuron is at rest.
Negative charge inside
Positive charge outside
-70 milivolts

Question 10

Action Potential

Answer 10

When stimulation occurs, Action Potential happens so that the message can be carried down the axon.
Must hit -55 milivots
1. Resting
2. Depolarization: due to overshoot (+33 milivolts)
3. Repolarization: must return to resting potential
4. Hyperpolarization: (-75 milivots)

Question 11

Refractory Period

Answer 11

Neuron cannot fire until resting potential is restored

Question 12

Synaptic Transmission

Answer 12

Vesicles travel to new membrane to release neurotransmitters.
Neurotransmitters attempt to bind to receptors in dendrites of postsynaptic neuron

Question 13

Graded Potential

Answer 13

Moving from Resting -> Action potential.
Neurotransmitters binds to receptor.
Triggers postsynaptic potential.

Question 14

Presynaptic Neuron

Answer 14

neuron that fires the neurotransmitter as a result of an action potential entering its axon terminal

Question 15

Postsynaptic Neuron

Answer 15

neuron that recieves the neurotransmitters from the presynaptic neuron

Question 16

Reuptake

Answer 16

postsynaptic neuron takes the neurotransmitters back

Question 17

Degredation

Answer 17

the neurotransmitters that are no longer needed are destroyed (recycled)

Question 18

6 Types of Neurotransmitters

Answer 18

Dopamine
Norepinephrine
Serotonin
Acetylcholine
Gluamate
GABA

Question 19

Dopamine

Answer 19

◦ Responsible for voluntary movement

◦ Dysregulation associated with Parkinson’s

Question 20

Norepinephrine

Answer 20

◦ Mood and physical arousal

◦ Dysregulation associated with Depressive disorders

Question 21

Serotonin

Answer 21

◦ Sleep and wake regulation, eating, and aggression

◦ Dysregulation associated with Anxiety disorders

Question 22

Acetylcholine

Answer 22

◦ Attention, arousal and memory regulation

◦ Dysregulation associated with Alzheimer’s

Question 23

Gluamate

Answer 23

◦ Learning and memory

◦ Excitatory neurotransmitters

Question 24

GABA

Answer 24

◦ Sleep and arousal

◦ Inhibitory neurotransmitter (discourages signal firing)

Question 25

Agonist

Answer 25

chemical that mimics a neurotransmitter

Question 26

Antagonist

Answer 26

Chemical that prevents actions of neurotransmitter

Question 27

Spinal Cord

Answer 27

connect brain to the body via peripheral nervous system

Question 28

Which responds faster?

CNS or PNS

Answer 28

PNS - peripheral nervous system

Question 29

3 Main Sections of the brain

Answer 29

Hindbrain
Midbrain
Forebrain