1. Research Methods

Question 1

What are the 5 personality traits?

Answer 1

Extroversion
Agreeableness
Conscientiousness
Emotional Stability
Openness to Experience

Question 2

What is Psychology?

Answer 2

Scientific study of mind an behaviour

Question 3

What is exploratory research?

Answer 3

Research that is not completed

it starts with a question

Question 4

Theory

Answer 4

A collection of ideas in a systemic manner which explains why something occurs

Question 5

Hypothesis

Answer 5

A prediction based on a theory

Question 6

What types of tools do psychologists use to asses research? (4 Types)

Answer 6

Observational
Surveys
Behavior measures
Physiological measures

Question 7

Types of research designs (3 types)

Answer 7

Descriptive
Correlations
Experimental

Question 8

what is Descriptive Design?

Name the Pro/Cons

Answer 8

Researcher describes the phenomenon, no manipulation of variables.
Pros: Great for initial research in an understudied area
Cons: Does’t explain why or when something happens.
Doesn’t specific relations between variables.

Question 9

what is Correlations design?

Name the Pro/Cons

Answer 9

stats show the relation between two concepts.
Pros: Allows the identification of relationships as they naturally occur
Cons: Correlation does not indicate causation

Question 10

what is Experimental Design?

Name the Pros/COns

Answer 10

Manipulation of IV to see if it affects the DV.
Pros: Can help infer a cause
Cons: Can’t look at natural relationships

Question 11

what is the IV?

Answer 11

Independent Variable

Manipulated by the researcher

Question 12

What is the DV?

Answer 12

Dependent Variable

Measured by the researcher, effect of the cause

Question 13

What does the researcher try to control for?

Answer 13

Extraneous Variable

Time, Location, game, etc.

Question 14

When is a Quasi experiment used?

Answer 14

When a group can not be assigned.

the right people for some reason, cannot participate, or do not exist

Question 15

What is Operationalizing?

Answer 15

When the researcher takes an abstract concept and turns it into a variable that properly assesses the construct.
Ex. Aggression = number of times someone looses their temper

Question 16

What is the Placebo effect?

Answer 16

Perception of an effect, but no effect was present

Question 17

Name the 5 main ethics

Answer 17

Safety and well-being of Participant
Safety and well-being of Researcher
Do no harm
Informed consent
Minimize deception
Anonymous/Confidential

Question 18

What is Generalizability?

Answer 18

How much validity is retained across different contexts, groups, conditions, etc.

Question 19

Mean

Answer 19

Average of Scores

Question 20

Median

Answer 20

Middle scores (center of the score range)

Question 21

Mode

Answer 21

Most Frequent Score

Question 22

Variability

Answer 22

How much scores vary from each other and from the mean

Question 23

Standard Deviation

Answer 23

numerical determination of variability or the spread of data

Question 24

high variability means it has a….

Answer 24

high standard deviation

Question 25

low variability means it has a….

Answer 25

low standard deviation

Question 26

What shape does a normal distribution make?

Answer 26

Bell Curve

Question 27

How do you test a hypothesis with statistics?

Answer 27

Compare mean scores between groups
AND
The strength of correlation coefficient

Question 28

Statistical significance is…

Also: How is it tested?

Answer 28

The extent that the results are true and not a fluke.

If probability value (p-value) is less than 0.05, than the findings are not a fluke.

Question 29

Type 1 error is a…

Answer 29

False positive

Question 30

Type 2 error is a…

Answer 30

False negative

Question 31

Sampling Bias

Answer 31

When a sample is not representative of a population

Question 32

Reactivity

Answer 32

participants alter behavior because they are being observed

Question 33

Social desirability

Answer 33

Participants alter responses to seem socially acceptable

Question 34

Response Sets

Answer 34

Participants respond in a way that is not related to the question

Question 35

Experimenter Bias

Answer 35

the experimenter’s expectation of outcome effect the results

Question 36

Double-blind Study

Answer 36

Both researchers, and participants are unaware of assignment of conditions