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Chemistry Paper 1 > 2-Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter > Flashcards

2-Bonding, Structure And Properties Of Matter Flashcards

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1
Q

What r ions

A

Charged particles

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2
Q

What ions do group 2 elements form

A

2+ions

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3
Q

What ions do group 7 elements form

A

1- ions

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4
Q

What do dot and cross diagrams show

A

The arrangement of electrons in an atom or ion

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5
Q

What r the negatives of dot and cross diagrams

A

They don’t show the structure, size or arrangement of the compound or ion

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6
Q

What does a ball and stick diagram show

A

Shows the regular pattern of a compound and how it is arranged. With dots for the ions and lines for the bonds

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7
Q

What r the properties of ionic compounds

A

High melting and boiling points, can not conduct when solid but can when liquid

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8
Q

Why can ionic compounds conduct when liquid

A

Because the ions are free to move and carry the current

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9
Q

How do u work out the empirical formula of a compound

A

See what ions there r
Work out what the charges of the ions r
Balance the charges so the overall charge is zero

Eg potassium (K) forms 1+ ions
Oxygen (O) forms 2- ions
Needs two potassiums to balance out the oxygen
So the formula would be K2O

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10
Q

What different ways r they to show a covalent bond

A

Dot and cross diagrams, with overlapping outer shells.
Displayed formula- covalent bonds r straight lines between atoms.
3D models

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11
Q

Properties of simple molecular substances

A

Very low melting and boiling points, gases or liquids at room temperature, do not conduct electricity, b.p and m.p increase with the size of the structure

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12
Q

What is a polymer

A

A long chain of repeating units

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13
Q

How is the repeating unit of a polymer drawn

A

Brackets go round the unit with bonds coming through the sides.
An ‘n’ is put outside the bracket to show it is repeated lots of times

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14
Q

How many covalent bonds does each carbon atom form in diamond

A

4 bonds

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15
Q

How many bonds do each carbon atom have in graphite

A

3 bonds

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16
Q

Why can graphite conduct electricity

A

Because each carbon atom has a delocalised electron

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17
Q

Properties of graphite

A

Forms sheets of carbons that are not bonded together. This makes it soft and slippery.
High melting and boiling points
Conducts electricity and thermal energy

18
Q

What is graphene

A

One layer of graphite

19
Q

Properties of graphene

A

One atom thick.
Very strong and incredibly light
Can conduct electricity

20
Q

What can fullerenes be used for

A

Can cage other molecules, used to deliver a drug.
Industrial catalysts- catalysts are attached to it
Strengthen materials

21
Q

Why are metals malleable

A

Because the layers can slide over each other

22
Q

Why are alloys harder than pure metals

A

Because the different elements distort the layers so they can’t slide over each other

23
Q

What are the three states of matter

A

Solid
Liquid
Gas

24
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a solid

A

They are fixed together in a regular lattice arrangement

25
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a liquid

A

Randomly arranged and free to move past each other but tend to stick closely together

26
Q

What is the arrangement of particles in a gas

A

They have no arrangement and are far apart

27
Q

What is the movement like in a solid

A

The particles vibrate around a fixed position

28
Q

What is the movement like in a liquid

A

Particles are constantly moving in a random directions

29
Q

What is the movement like in a gas

A

Particles move constantly with a random motion in straight lines

30
Q

What happens to particles when heated

A

They move more quickly causing the substance to expand

31
Q

What does aqueous mean

A

Dissolved in water

32
Q

What is the state symbol for aqueous

A

aq

33
Q

What does the amount of energy needed to change state depend on

A

How strong the forces between the particles are,

The stronger the forces the more energy needed

34
Q

What is the diameter of coarse particles

A

Between 2500nm and 10000nm

35
Q

What is the diameter of fine particles

A

Between 100nm and 2500nm

36
Q

What is the diameter of nano particles

A

Between 1nm and 100nm

37
Q

How do u work out surface area to volume ratio

A

Surface area / volume

38
Q

What can nano particles be used for

A

Catalysts
Nano-medicine
Tiny electric circuits
Cosmetics

39
Q

How can silver nano particles be used

A

They have antibacterial properties and can be added to fibres to make surgical masks and wound dressings.
It can also be added to deodorants

40
Q

What are the negative affects of using nano particles

A

It is unclear what medical affects they may have but they could damage cells.
They could also damage the environment when washed away

Chemistry Paper 1 (5 decks)

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