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Chemistry Paper 1 > 1-Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table > Flashcards

1-Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton

A

Mass=1

Charge=+1

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2
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron

A

Relative mass=1

Charge=0

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3
Q

What is the charge and relative mass of an electron

A

Mass=1/2000 can be taken as 0

Charge= -1

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4
Q

What does the atomic number show

A

How many protons there are

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5
Q

What does the mass number show

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

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6
Q

What is an element

A

A substance that only contains the same atoms

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7
Q

What is an isotope

A

Different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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8
Q

What is a common example of isotopes

A

Carbon-12 and Carbon-13

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9
Q

What is the equation for calculating relative formula mass linking to isotopes

A

Relative formula mass(Ar) = sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundance of all the isotope

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10
Q

How can equations be balanced

A

Putting numbers in front of the formulas where needed

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11
Q

What does chromatography separate

A

Dyes and inks

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12
Q

Why do u use a pencil line in chromatography

A

Because it is insoluble so it won’t affect the dyes

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13
Q

What is the end pattern in chromatography called

A

A chromatogram

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14
Q

What does filtration separate

A

An insoluble solid and a liquid

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15
Q

What are the two ways to separate a soluble salt from a solution

A

Evaporation and crystallisation

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16
Q

What is simple distillation used for

A

Separating a liquid from a liquid

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17
Q

What is fractional distillation used for

A

Separating out a mixture of liquids

18
Q

What are the key pieces of equipment is used in fractional distillation

A

Fractionating column, condenser

19
Q

What was John Dalton’s theory of atomic structure

A

Atoms were solid spheres that could not be separated

20
Q

What was JJ Thomson’s model of the atom called

A

The plum pudding model

21
Q

What was the plum pudding model

A

A ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it

22
Q

What was Rutherford’s experiment called

A

The alpha particle scattering experiment

23
Q

What was the alpha particle scattering experiment

A

Alpha particles were fired at gold foil

24
Q

What happened to the alpha particles in the scattering experiment

A

Most of them went straight through, some were deflected and some came straight back

25
Q

What was concluded from the scattering experiment

A

The nuclear model was made which had a tiny positively charge nucleus in the centre with a cloud of electrons around it

26
Q

What did Neils Bohr suggest about the structure of the atom

A

The electrons orbited the nucleus in shells at fixed distances

27
Q

What did James Chadwick’s experiment prove the existence of

A

Neutrons

28
Q

How many electrons can there be in the first 4 shells

A

2
8
8
2

29
Q

How did Mendeleev order his period table

A

Mainly in order of atomic mass but did switch some so that the properties were similar

30
Q

Why did Mendeleev leave gaps

A

So that elements with similar properties stayed in groups

31
Q

What r the properties of metals

A

Strong, malleable, good conductors, High b.p and m.p

32
Q

What r the properties of non-metals

A

Brittle, dull looking, don’t generally conduct, low b.p and m.p

33
Q

What r the properties of transition metals

A

Very dense, strong and shiny. Good conductors
Can have more than one ion.
Often coloured.
Catalysts

34
Q

What r the trends of group one metals as u go down the periods

A

Increasing reactivity
Lower melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

35
Q

Why do group 1 elements get more reactive as u go down

A

Because the outer electron gets further away from the nucleus and the attraction decreases so it is more easily lost

36
Q

What do group 1 metals react with water to produce

A

Hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides

37
Q

What do group 1 metals produce when they react with chlorine

A

Chlorine gas and white metal chloride salts

38
Q

What do group 1 metals produce when they react with oxygen

A

A metal oxide

39
Q

What r the trends of group 7 elements as go down the periods

A

Less reactive
Higher melting and boiling points
Higher relative atomic mass

40
Q

What are the acronyms for metals and non metals gaining and losing electrons

A

MALE

NAGE

41
Q

Why don’t group 0 elements react

A

Because the have a full outer shell and are already stable

Chemistry Paper 1 (5 decks)

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