1-Atomic Structure And The Periodic Table Flashcards

(41 cards)

1
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a proton

A

Mass=1

Charge=+1

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2
Q

What is the relative mass and charge of a neutron

A

Relative mass=1

Charge=0

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3
Q

What is the charge and relative mass of an electron

A

Mass=1/2000 can be taken as 0

Charge= -1

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4
Q

What does the atomic number show

A

How many protons there are

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5
Q

What does the mass number show

A

The total number of protons and neutrons in the atom

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6
Q

What is an element

A

A substance that only contains the same atoms

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7
Q

What is an isotope

A

Different forms of the same element, which have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons

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8
Q

What is a common example of isotopes

A

Carbon-12 and Carbon-13

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9
Q

What is the equation for calculating relative formula mass linking to isotopes

A

Relative formula mass(Ar) = sum of (isotope abundance x isotope mass number) / sum of abundance of all the isotope

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10
Q

How can equations be balanced

A

Putting numbers in front of the formulas where needed

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11
Q

What does chromatography separate

A

Dyes and inks

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12
Q

Why do u use a pencil line in chromatography

A

Because it is insoluble so it won’t affect the dyes

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13
Q

What is the end pattern in chromatography called

A

A chromatogram

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14
Q

What does filtration separate

A

An insoluble solid and a liquid

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15
Q

What are the two ways to separate a soluble salt from a solution

A

Evaporation and crystallisation

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16
Q

What is simple distillation used for

A

Separating a liquid from a liquid

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17
Q

What is fractional distillation used for

A

Separating out a mixture of liquids

18
Q

What are the key pieces of equipment is used in fractional distillation

A

Fractionating column, condenser

19
Q

What was John Dalton’s theory of atomic structure

A

Atoms were solid spheres that could not be separated

20
Q

What was JJ Thomson’s model of the atom called

A

The plum pudding model

21
Q

What was the plum pudding model

A

A ball of positive charge with electrons stuck in it

22
Q

What was Rutherford’s experiment called

A

The alpha particle scattering experiment

23
Q

What was the alpha particle scattering experiment

A

Alpha particles were fired at gold foil

24
Q

What happened to the alpha particles in the scattering experiment

A

Most of them went straight through, some were deflected and some came straight back

25
What was concluded from the scattering experiment
The nuclear model was made which had a tiny positively charge nucleus in the centre with a cloud of electrons around it
26
What did Neils Bohr suggest about the structure of the atom
The electrons orbited the nucleus in shells at fixed distances
27
What did James Chadwick’s experiment prove the existence of
Neutrons
28
How many electrons can there be in the first 4 shells
2 8 8 2
29
How did Mendeleev order his period table
Mainly in order of atomic mass but did switch some so that the properties were similar
30
Why did Mendeleev leave gaps
So that elements with similar properties stayed in groups
31
What r the properties of metals
Strong, malleable, good conductors, High b.p and m.p
32
What r the properties of non-metals
Brittle, dull looking, don’t generally conduct, low b.p and m.p
33
What r the properties of transition metals
Very dense, strong and shiny. Good conductors Can have more than one ion. Often coloured. Catalysts
34
What r the trends of group one metals as u go down the periods
Increasing reactivity Lower melting and boiling points Higher relative atomic mass
35
Why do group 1 elements get more reactive as u go down
Because the outer electron gets further away from the nucleus and the attraction decreases so it is more easily lost
36
What do group 1 metals react with water to produce
Hydrogen gas and metal hydroxides
37
What do group 1 metals produce when they react with chlorine
Chlorine gas and white metal chloride salts
38
What do group 1 metals produce when they react with oxygen
A metal oxide
39
What r the trends of group 7 elements as go down the periods
Less reactive Higher melting and boiling points Higher relative atomic mass
40
What are the acronyms for metals and non metals gaining and losing electrons
MALE | NAGE
41
Why don’t group 0 elements react
Because the have a full outer shell and are already stable