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BIOHACK XI > 2. Biological Classification > Flashcards

2. Biological Classification Flashcards

1
Q

___________ was the earliest to attempt a scientific basis of classification

A

Aristotle

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2
Q

Aristotle classified plants into - (3)

A

Trees, shrubs and herbs

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2
Q

He divided animals into _______ no of groups, one with ______ and one that did not.

A

Had red blood and those that did not

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3
Q

In Linnaeus time, _______ kingdom system of classification was used

A

2

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3
Q

The 2 kingdom system of classification didn’t distinguished between - (3)

A

Prokaryotes & Eukaryotes, Unicellular & multicellular, Photosynthetic & non-photosynthetic

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4
Q

The 2 kingdom system classification was totally based on -

A

Mode of nutrition, presence or absence of cell wall

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5
Q

In 2 kingdom classification, the bacteria was included under ‘Animals’. T/F

A

F, it was included under Plants

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6
Q

Monera cell wall is made up of _______ and ________

A

Polysaccharide + amino acid

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7
Q

Monera show autotrophic nutrition by acting as a - (2)

A

Chemosynthetic & Photosynthetic bacteria

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8
Q

Monera show heterotrophic nutrition by acting as a - (2)

A

Saprophytic & parasitic bacteria

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9
Q

Cellulose is present in cell wall of fungi. T/F

A

F. chitin is present

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9
Q

Mode of nutrition in fungi is - (2)

A

Saprophytic and parasitic

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10
Q

All protists don’t contain a cell wall. T/F

A

Fungi

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11
Q
A

T

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12
Q
A

F. they can be saprophytic

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13
Q
A

Animal

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14
Q
A

1969

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15
Q
A

F

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16
Q
A

Algae

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16
Q
A

cell structure, body organisation, mode of nutrition, reproduction and phylogenetic relationships

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17
Q
A

Protista, Chlamydomonas and Chlorella, Paramoecium and Amoeba

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18
Q
A

DigaQ. 1-A-Cocci, B - Bacilli, C - Spirilla, D-Vibrio: X-Spore, Y - Flagellum

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19
Q
A

Based on evolutionary relationship

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20
Q
A

Bacteria

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21
Q
A

T

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22
Q
A

T

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23
Q
A

Cocci, bacillus, vibrium, spirillum

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24
Q
A

F

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25
Q
A

Bacteria

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26
Q
A

F. mostly bacteria are heterotroph but not all

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27
Q
A

Archaebacteria

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28
Q
A

halophiles (extreme salty areas), thermoacidophiles (hot springs) & methanogens (marshy areas)

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29
Q
A

Different cell wall structure, branched chain lipids (phytanyl side chains)

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30
Q
A

Same as 33 and also absence of peptidoglycan

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31
Q
A

Methanogens

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32
Q
A

Chemoautotrophs

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33
Q
A

DigaQ. 2- Nostoc: A -Heterocyst, B-Mucilaginous sheath

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34
Q
A

T

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35
Q
A

F. it contains flagella

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36
Q
A

Blue green algae, chl a

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37
Q
A

Green plants

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38
Q
A

F. photosynthetic autotroph

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39
Q
A

T

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40
Q
A

F, it is filamentous

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41
Q
A

T

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42
Q
A

Gelatinous sheath

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43
Q
A

Blooms

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44
Q
A

Heterocysts

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45
Q
A

Anabaena, Nostoc

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46
Q
A

Chemosynthetic autotrophs, nitrates, nitrites, ammonia

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46
Q
A

Chemosynthetic autotrophs, N. P. Fe, S

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47
Q
A

Decomposers

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47
Q
A

Heterotrophic

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48
Q
A

DigaQ. 3-A-Cell wall, B - Cell membrane, C-DNA

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48
Q
A

F. they do fixation in legume roots

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48
Q
A

Cholera (Vibrio cholerae), typhoid (Salmonella typhi), tetanus (Clostridium tetani), citrus canker (Xanthomonas citri)

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48
Q
A

Filamentous

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49
Q
A

making curd from milk, production of antibiotics

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49
Q
A

F. in unfavourable conditions it produce spores

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50
Q
A

T

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50
Q
A

T

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50
Q
A

Mycoplasma

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50
Q
A

Fission, spore formation, sexual reproduction

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51
Q
A

Transformation, Conjugation, Transduction

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51
Q
A

T

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52
Q
A

F. fresh water also

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52
Q
A

F, can survive

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53
Q
A

Aquatic

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53
Q
A

Chrysophytes, Dinoflagellates, Euglenoids, Slime moulds and Protozoans

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53
Q
A

F. pathogenic in both plants and animals

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54
Q
A

Mycoplasma

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54
Q
A

Single celled eukaryotes

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54
Q
A

F. both sexually and asexually

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54
Q
A

F. both cilia and flagella

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55
Q
A

DigaQ. 4-A-Dinoflagellates, B - Euglena, C-Slime mould, D -Paramoecium

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55
Q
A

Diatoms and Golden algae (desmids)

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55
Q
A

thin, Soap box

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56
Q
A

Those who float passively in water currents

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56
Q
A

F. most are photosynthetic

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56
Q
A

Silica, indestructible

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57
Q
A

Cell wall deposits of diatoms

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57
Q
A

Polishing, filtration of oils and syrups

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58
Q
A

Yellow, green, brown, blue, red

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58
Q
A

Diatoms

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58
Q
A

Marine, photosynthetic

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59
Q
A

Rapid multiplication of red dinoflagellates

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59
Q
A

Stiff cellulosic plates

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59
Q
A

F. two flagella

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60
Q
A

T

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60
Q
A

Fresh

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60
Q
A

Gonyaulax

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61
Q
A

T

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61
Q
A

F. they kill them

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61
Q
A

Pellicle, protein

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61
Q
A

Pellicle

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62
Q
A

T

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62
Q
A

F. two flagella, one short one long

63
Q
A

Higher plants

63
Q
A

F. they are photosynthetic in presence of sunlight, in absence of sunlight they behave as heterotroph

64
Q
A

Euglena

64
Q
A

Saprophytic

65
Q
A

F. engulfing organic material

65
Q
A

Suitable, plasmodium

66
Q
A

T

67
Q
A

Air currents

67
Q
A

F. it have unicellular org. like yeast

67
Q
A

F, unfavorable

67
Q
A

True

67
Q
A

Heterotrophs

67
Q
A

Amoeboid, Flagellated, Cilliated and Sporozoans

68
Q
A

Predators or parasites

68
Q
A

Fresh water, sea water or moist soil

68
Q
A

Protozonas

69
Q
A

Putting out pseudopodia

69
Q
A

Silica

69
Q
A

Amoeba, Entamoeba

70
Q
A

Entamoeba

70
Q
A

Trypanosoma - Sleeping sickness

70
Q
A

Free-living or parasitic

70
Q
A

F. outside cell surface

71
Q
A

Gullet

71
Q
A

Paramoecium

71
Q
A

T

71
Q
A

Plasmodium - Malaria

71
Q
A

T

72
Q
A

Mustard

72
Q
A

Yeast

72
Q
A

Penicillium

72
Q
A

Chitin and polysaccharide

72
Q
A

Puccinia

72
Q
A

T

72
Q
A

Lichen, mycorrhiza

72
Q
A

Slender thread, hyphae

72
Q
A

Mycorrhiza

72
Q
A

Hyphae are continuous tubes filled with multinucleated cytoplasm

72
Q
A

Mycelium

72
Q
A

Lichens

72
Q
A

Fragmentation, fission and budding

72
Q
A

Oospore, ascospore and basidiospore

72
Q
A

Conidia or sporangiospore or zoospore

72
Q
A

Fruiting bodies

72
Q
A

F. haploid spores

72
Q
A

Plasmogamy Karyogamy and meiosis

73
Q
A

Plasmogamy

73
Q
A

Karyogamy

73
Q
A

F. absorb soluble organic matter

73
Q
A

T

73
Q
A

Ascomycetes and Basidiomycetes

73
Q
A

F. (n+n) condition is seen ie, nuclei is not fused

73
Q
A

Morphology of mycelium, mode of spore formation and fruiting bodies

73
Q
A

T

73
Q
A

Aseptate

73
Q
A

DigaQ. 5-A-Mucor, B -Aspergillus, C-Agaricus

73
Q
A

Mucor, Albugo, Rhizopus

73
Q
A

Isogamous, anisogamous and oogamous

73
Q
A

Endo. sporangium

73
Q
A

F. it is Rhizopus

73
Q
A

Saprophytic, decomposers, parasitic or coprophilous

73
Q
A

AlbugoAlbugoAlbugo

73
Q
A

branched, septate

73
Q
A

Growing on dung

73
Q
A

F. they can be

74
Q
A

Mycelium

74
Q
A

Saccharomyces

74
Q
A

Aspergillus, Claviceps and Neurospora

74
Q
A

Morels and truffles

74
Q
A

Conidia

74
Q
A

Asci, sac

74
Q
A

Mushrooms, bracket fungi and puffballs

74
Q
A

Ascospore, endo

74
Q
A

Zoospore (motile) or aploanospore (non-motile)

74
Q
A

Zygospore

74
Q
A

Sac-fungi

74
Q
A

Ascocarps

74
Q
A

Neurospora

75
Q
A

Exogenously, conidiophores

76
Q
A

Rusts and smuts

76
Q
A

F, asexual spore absent

76
Q
A

F. absent

76
Q
A

Branched and septate

76
Q
A

Dikaryotic, basidium

76
Q
A

Fragmentation

77
Q
A

Imperfect fungi

77
Q
A

Basidium

77
Q
A

Somatic fusion

77
Q
A

T

77
Q
A

Exo, basidium

77
Q
A

Agaricus (mushroom). Ustilago (smut) and Puccinia (rust fungus)
[Trick - Aaj(agaricus) Me(mushroom) Us(Ustilago) Se(Smut) Pareshan(Puccinia) Raha(rust)]

77
Q
A

Basidiocarps

77
Q
A

Sexual phase not present

77
Q
A

Conidia

77
Q
A

T

77
Q
A

Saprophhytes, parasitic, decomposers of litter

77
Q
A

Septate, branched

77
Q
A

T

77
Q
A

Alternaria, Colletotrichum and Trichoderma

78
Q
A

Cuscuta

78
Q
A

Glycogen and fat

78
Q
A

Bladderwort, Venus fly trap

79
Q
A

Holozoic

79
Q
A

DigaQ. 6-X-Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV),
Y - Bacteriophage:
A-RNA. B-Capsid, C - Head, D - Collar,
E-Sheath, F- Tail fibres

79
Q
A

F. parasitic plant like cuscuta lose their
chlorophyll

79
Q
A

Inert crystalline

79
Q
A

Acellular

79
Q
A

Proteins

79
Q
A

D. J. Ivanowsky (1892)

80
Q
A

D. J. Ivanowsky (However this line is now removed from NCERT)

80
Q
A

Venom, poisonous fluid

80
Q
A

M. W. Beijerinek, tabacco, contagium vivum
fluidum, 1898

80
Q
A

W. M. Stanley (1935)

81
Q
A

Helical or polyhedral

81
Q
A

F, they are obligate parasite

81
Q
A

F, not both only one of them

81
Q
A

Protect the nucleic acid

81
Q
A

Nucleoprotein

81
Q
A

ssRNA

82
Q
A

ssRNA or dsRNA or dsDNA

82
Q
A

Virus that infect bacteria

83
Q
A

dsDNA

83
Q
A

Capsomeres

84
Q
A

mumps, small pox, herpes and influenza. AIDS

84
Q
A

mosaic formation, leaf rolling and curling. yellowing and vein clearing, dwarfing and stunted growth.

85
Q
A

T. O. Diener, 1971

86
Q
A

F. smaller

86
Q
A

T

86
Q
A

RNA

87
Q
A

Potato spindle tuber disease

87
Q
A

F. low molecular weight

87
Q
A

Prions

88
Q
A

bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE) commonly called mad cow disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD)

88
Q
A

Uses of organisms

88
Q
A

Pollution, polluted areas

89
Q
A

Algae prepare food for fungi and fungi provide shelter and absorb mineral nutrients and water

89
Q
A

Phycobiont, mycobiont

90
Q
A

F. only one cell organelle i.e. Ribosomes

91
Q
A

3, Archea, bacteria, eukarya

91
Q
A

Two kingdom classification

92
Q
A

T

93
Q
A

T

93
Q
A

T

94
Q
A

Mucilagenous sheath

BIOHACK XI (24 decks)

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