(2) Basic Counseling Skills Flashcards
Demonstrate (7) active listening technique with a classmate:
- Non-verbal communication (eye contact, facial expression, posture)
- Facilitation (encourages the patient to continue talking without directing the line of questioning; nodding)
- Echoing and Reflection (mirrors the meaning and feeling of what’s been said)
- Validation (validate patient’s emotional experience)
- Summarization (paraphrasing the information the patient has given. Used to clarify, to demonstrate that you have been listening)
- Highlighting transitions (Lets the patient know what you are about to do; i.e. change line of questioning, perform a physical exam. Puts the patient at ease, gives greater sense of control)
- Reassurance
(3) purpose of the interview
- Establish a trusting and supportive relationship (rapport)
- Gather information
- Offer information
What are Cultural Models?
presupposed, taken-for-granted models of the world that are widely shared by members of a society / group and that play a huge role in their understanding of that world and their behavior in it; give form & direction to individual experiences by shaping and informing how one thinks, feels, and acts. These models are ingrained in our everyday lives that we often presume other people share the same ideas and practices.
Disease vs. Illness
Disease:
- Breakdown of the physiologic or psychologic processes in a person
- Dysfunction of biologic process
Illness:
- The psychosocial experience & meaning of the disease for pt and family
- Patients seek care because of how they are interpreting their illness
Western Medicine vs Non-Western Medicine:
Western Medicine:
-Attribute illness to biologic forces, deviation from norm
-Scientific basis
-Treat aggressively
-Control over nature – superiority of technology
Non-Western Medicine:
-Attribute illness to destiny or will of God
-Illness attributed to spiritual, supernatural (possessions)
-Disharmony between nature, good v. evil
-Mind-body-soul connection for treatment
3 Steps Towards Providing Culturally Competent Care:
- Assess your own cultural knowledge & attitudes
- Use culturally sensitive interviewing tools
- Explanatory Models - Maintain open, non-judgmental attitude towards patient’s healthcare beliefs
Kleinman’s Explanatory Model
The explanatory model includes the client’s beliefs about their illness, the personal and social meaning they attach to their disorder, expectations about what will happen to them and what the provider will do, and their own therapeutic goals.
L.E.A.R.N. Model
- Listen to patient’s perception of problem
- Explain your perception of the problem
- Acknowledge the differences & similarities
- Recommend treatment
- Negotiate a plan
R.E.S.P.E.C.T. Model
- Rapport
- Empathy
- Support
- Partnership
- Explanations
- Cultural Competence
- Trust
Drug & Alcohol History
Quantify, quantify, quantify!
CAGE questionnaire
Ever felt the need to CUT DOWN drinking?
Felt ANNOYED by criticisms of drinking?
Ever felt GUILTY about drinking?
Ever had a drink first thing in am (EYE-OPENER)?
5 Techniques of Guided Questioning:
- Moving from open-ended to focused questions
- Questioning that elicits a graded response
- Ask series of questions, one at a time
- Offering multiple choices for answers
- Clarifying
4 Cultural approach to the patient:
- Cultural Skill
Knowing how to culturally assess a pt; explaining an issue from another’s perspective. - Cultural Knowledge
Deliberately seeking out different world views & explanatory (cultural) models - Cultural Awareness
Acknowledging & accepting those differences - Cultural Competency
Set of academic and personal skills that allow us to increase our understanding & appreciation of cultural differences
What determines the approach to the patient?
Determined by Ethics & Culture; system of moral principles or standards governing conduct
