2) Atoms, ions + compounds

Question 1

nitrate ion

Answer 1

NO3 -

Question 2

carbonate ion

Answer 2

CO3 2-

Question 3

sulfate ion

Answer 3

SO4 2-

Question 4

hydroxide ion

Answer 4

OH -

Question 5

ammonium ion

Answer 5

NH4 +

Question 6

zinc ion

Answer 6

Zn 2+

Question 7

silver ion

Answer 7

Ag +

Question 8

The atom consists of a _ made up of 2 types of subatomic particles: _ and _. Also, _ occupy a region outside the nucleus and are arranged in _.

Answer 8

nucleus
protons
neutrons
electrons
shells

Question 9

What is the overall charge of an atom?

Answer 9

zero

Question 10

What is the symbol, charge and relative mass of a proton?

Answer 10

p+
1+
1

Question 11

What is the symbol, charge and relative mass of a neutron?

Answer 11

n
0
1

Question 12

What is the symbol, charge and relative mass of an electron?

Answer 12

e-
1-
1/1836

Question 13

Define atomic (proton) number

Answer 13

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

Question 14

What does the number of protons identify?

Answer 14

the element

Question 15

Define isotope

Answer 15

atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons and different masses

Question 16

Define mass number

Answer 16

the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus; nucleon number

Question 17

In heavy water, what isotope do all H2O molecules contain?

Answer 17

deuterium isotope

Question 18

Define ion

Answer 18

a positively (cation) or negatively (anion) charged atom or a (covalently bonded) group of atoms (polyatomic ion), where the number of electrons is different from the number of protons

Question 19

The mass of a carbon-12 isotope is defined as_?

Answer 19

exactly 12 atomic mass units

Question 20

What is the standard mass for atomic mass?

Answer 20

1 u, 1/12th of an atom of carbon-12

Question 21

What is 1u approximately?

Answer 21

the mass of a proton or neutron

Question 22

Define relative isotopic mass

Answer 22

mass of an atom of the isotope compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 23

Define relative atomic mass, Ar

Answer 23

weighted mean mass of all isotopes of the element (in a sample) compared with 1/12 of the mass of an atom of carbon-12

Question 24

What can be used to determine the percentage abundances of isotopes in a sample of an element?

Answer 24

mass spectrometer

Question 25

Give the 3 steps for using a mass spectrometer

Answer 25

1. sample placed in the mass spectrometer, vaporised and ionised to form positive ions
2. ions are accelerated. heavier ions move more slowly and are more difficult to deflect than lighter ions, so the ions of each isotope are separated
3. ions are detected on a mass spectrum as a mass-to-charge ratio m/z. each ion reaching the detector adds to the signal, so the greater the abundance, the larger the signal

Question 26

mass-to-charge ratio = ?

Answer 26

relative mass of ion / relative charge on ion

Question 27

For an ion with a one positive charge, this ratio is equivalent to _?

Answer 27

the relative isotopic mass (x-axis)

Question 28

relative atomic mass = ?

Answer 28

((RIM x abundance) + …) / total abundance

Question 29

Define binary compound

Answer 29

a compound containing to elements only

Question 30

Define polyatomic ion

Answer 30

an ion containing more than one atom

Question 31

Normally metals _ e- to form _ and non-metals _ e- to form _.

Answer 31

lose
cations
gain
anions

Question 32

Give 7 examples of diatomic molecules

Answer 32

H2
N2
O2
F2
Cl2
Br2
I2

Question 33

Give 2 examples of polyatomic molecules

Answer 33

P4

S8

Question 34

State symbol for a gas?

Answer 34

(g)

Question 35

State symbol for a liquid?

Answer 35

(l)

Question 36

State symbol for a solid?

Answer 36

(s)

Question 37

State symbol for dissolved in water / aqueous?

Answer 37

(aq)