2 - An infection model Flashcards
What is the infection model?
What are patient factors in the infection model?
- Time: Calendar and relative time with incubation
- Place: where, who with, any animals, what you done?
- Person: age, gender, pathological/physiological state, social factors
What are some mechanisms of infection?
- Vertical transmission
- Direct spread
- Inoculation
- Ingestion
- Inhalation
- Vector
- Haematogenous
What is it recommended that HIV positive mothers do?
- C-SECTION
- No breast feeding
How does infection occur in the infection model?
How do you you do the management part of the infection model?
What is the difference between specific and supportive treatment?
Specific: Antimicrobials, surgery for drainage, debridement, dead space removal
Supportive: Symptom relief, physiological restoration
Who does infection prevention involve?
- Staff
- Other patients
- Other contacts
What can the range of outcomes be for an infection using the infection model?
What are the main bacteria on the skin?
What is skin popping?
Injection of drugs below the skin instead of into veins, it breaks the skin barrier and can lead to infections as normal skin flora can enter subcutaneous tissue
What can S.epidermidis cause?
Can colonize plastic catheters and medical devices leading to blood stream infections
What can the following microbiota cause if not in their normal sites?
- Stretococcus mutans
- Streptococcus pneumoniae
- Escherichia coli
- Candida albicans
What is the epidemiology of adenovirus and how is it identified in the lab?
- Non-enveloped virus
- Direct inoculation, e.g swimming pools, changing nappies
- Mainly respiratory disease
- Asymptomatic in intestine
- Virus replicates well in epithelial cells and symptoms usually due to killing these cells and systemic infections are rare
- Identified by direct test of stool specimens by ELISA, only really carried out in epidemic
What is the most common manifestation of adenovirus?
- Respiratory tract diseases
- Acute Febrile Pharyngitis in young children causing cough, sore throat and nasal congestion
- Pharyngoconjuctival fever in school aged children and families
- Common in new military recruits as each bring their own strain
- Respiratory symptoms can progress to true viral pneumonia
