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Clin-Med B2 > 2: Acute Renal Failure > Flashcards

2: Acute Renal Failure Flashcards

0
Q

Uremia

A

There is a sx of high nitrogen in blood

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1
Q

Azotemia

A

Dx by the amount of nitrogenous waste

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2
Q

Significant serum Creatinine increase

A

0.5mg/dL increase over 24hrs

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3
Q

Exotoxin causing Acute tubular necrosis

A 
Cisplatin
Ethylene glycole
Cyclosporine
Aminoglycoside (7-10 days)**
Radiocontrast dye (24-48hrs)**
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4
Q

Endotoxin causing Acute tubular necrosis

A 
Calcium
Light chains of MS
Myoglobin
Hemoglobin
Uric acid
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5
Q

Damage to Interstitium

A

Drug/Allergy (penicillin)
Infection (Legionnaire disease, Hantavirus)
Infiltration (Sarcoidosis, Lymphoma/Leukemia)
Autoimmune (SLE)

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6
Q

Prerenal Azotemia- cause

A

Hypovolumia

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7
Q

Cause of Acute renal failure-post renal to accumulate crystals (ATM)

A

Acyclovir
Methotrexate
Triemetrine

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8
Q

Granular cast- “Muddy brown”

A

ATN

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9
Q

Hyaline cast

A

Benign. Could be by anything

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10
Q

RBC cast

A

Glomerulonephritis

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11
Q

WBC cast

A

Pyelonephritis

Acute infective interstitial nephritis

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12
Q

Eosinophilic cast

A

Acute allergic interstitial nephritis

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13
Q

Prerenal ARF

A

Retain sodium and water
BUN is reabsorbed more than creatinine-> BUN/Creatinine ratio is high >20
FeNa:500

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14
Q

Renal ARF

A

BUN/Creatinine ratio is low
FeNa: >2%
Osm <20

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15
Q

Complications

A 
Metabolic acidosis
Hyperkalemia
Hyponatremia
Hypervolumia
Hyperphosphatemia
Hypocalcemia
16
Q

Management

A 
Stop the insult
Correct volume
Hydration (watch out for over hydration)
Correct electrolytes
Some drug (Furosemide, Dobutamine, Ca channel blocker)
17
Q

Hypovolumia- causes

A
  • Hemorrhage
  • Dehydration
  • Burns
  • GI loss: vomiting, diarrhea
  • Replaced in other space: ascites, peritonitis
18
Q

Acute glomerulonephritis or vasculitis- cause

A

RPGN

19
Q

Acute Tubular Necrosis- causes

A

Ischemia

Toxins

20
Q

Clinical course in ATN

A

Initial phase: Oliguria (400mL/day)

21
Q

Postrenal ARF

A

MC: Obstruction bladder neck

*Above the bladder to cause ARF, it must be BILATERAL**

Clin-Med B2 (14 decks)

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