2 - Accounting Principles and Procedures - Updated Flashcards
This competency covers the basic principles of accounting and the interpretation of company accounts in order that reasoned advice can be given to clients
Accounting Principles and Procedures - Extract from Candidate Guide - Aug 2018 (updated Feb 2022)
What is a balance sheet ?
The term balance sheet refers to a financial statement that reports a company’s assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity at a specific point in time, typically annually.
Profit and loss account
The profit and loss statement is a financial statement that summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred during a specified period
What is taxation ?
The amount of money or % that is owed to HMRC based on the company profit.
What is revenue?
Income generated by the sales of the product or services.
What is capital expenditure ?
Money spent by a business or organisation on acquiring or maintaining fixed assets such as land, buildings and equipment.
What is auditing ?
Term used to describe the examination and verification of a company’s financial records.
Performed to ensure that financial statements are prepared in accordance with the relevant accounting standards.
Prepared internally using GAAP or IFRS and developed to provide useful information to stakeholders, creditors, customers, suppliers
What is a ratio analysis ?
Method of gaining insight into a company’s liquidity, efficiency and profitability by studying its financial statements.
Common examples;
• Liquidity Ratios - Measure a company’s ability to pay off its short-term debts.
• Solvency Ratios - Compare a company’s debt levels with its assets, equity, and earnings.
• Profitability Ratios - These ratios convey how well a company can generate profits from its operations.
• Efficiency Ratios - Also called activity ratios, efficiency ratios evaluate how efficiently a company uses its assets to generate sales and maximize profits.
What is credit control ?
System used by businesses and central banks to make sure that credit is given only to borrowers who are likely to be able to repay it.
What is profitability ?
Measure of an organisation’s profit relative to its expenses.
What is insolvency?
When a business can no longer meet your financial obligations, ie not enough money coming in to match money going out.
What is VAT ?
The standard rate of VAT increased to 20% on 4 January 2011 (from 17.5%).
Some things are exempt from VAT, such as postage stamps, financial and property transactions.
The VAT rate businesses charge depends on their goods and services.
What is a balance sheet?
A balance sheet is a document that shows what the financial status is of a company at any given point. It will show all assets, liabilities and shareholder equity details. Assets are used to generate wealth and generally something owned by the company such as properties, cash, plant, equipment etc. The asset will have a market value which can appreciate or depreciate. The liability is what is owned against the asset. The difference between the two is the equity of the company.
Where might you find information on a company assets ?
On a balance sheet
What is a balance sheet?
It is a snapshot of a companies financial status showing the assets, liabilities, shareholders equity at any given point.
What is a balance sheet?
The term balance sheet refers to a financial statement that reports a company’s assets, liabilities, and shareholder equity at a specific point in time.
What is a balance sheet?
A Financial statement of the Company’s assets, liabilities and equity at a point in time.
What does a balance sheet tell you?
It tells you how much the company owns (assets) and owes (liabilities).
What is a cashflow statement?
The cash flow statement (CFS) measures how well a company manages its cash position, meaning how well the company generates cash to pay its debt obligations and fund its operating expenses. The cash flow statement complements the balance sheet and income statement.
What is a cash flow statement?
An account of how much liquidity a company has. It will show how much cash comes and goes from a company. It is used to show short term viability of a company and its ability to pay off any liabilities. Three main components of cash flow are operations of the business, investment (changes in assets, equipment etc. - cash out) and financing (changes in debt, loans, dividends – cash in)
What is included in cash flow? Net cash flow, returns on investment, taxation, capital expenditure, equity payments, management of liquid resources, financing.
What is a cashflow statement?
A financial statement that shows all the cash inflow a company receives from operations and external investment. It also shows cash outflow that pays for business activities during a given period.
What is a profit and loss account?
A profit and loss account is one of the financial statements of a company and shows the company’s revenues and expenses during a particular period. It indicates how the revenues are transformed into the net income or net profit.
What is a statement of profit or loss?
A document which shows the amount of income generated against the expenses made during a specified period.
What is a profit and loss statement ?
The profit and loss statement is a financial statement that summarizes the revenues, costs, and expenses incurred during a specified period.