2: Accident Prevention --> Facility Analysis And Supervision Flashcards
1
Q
What is the primary focus of lifeguard education?
A
Training lifeguards to become experts at both preventing accidents and responding to them
2
Q
What must lifeguards develop sensitivity to?
A
The dangers and hazards resulting from the facility’s environmental and physical characteristics, as well as from patron activity
3
Q
What qualities must a lifeguard maintain at all times?
A
Vigilance, attentiveness, and alertness
4
Q
What is the consequence of a lifeguard not being alert?
A
A patron may be at risk of drowning
5
Q
Identify types of hazards that lifeguards must be alert for.
A
- Environmental hazards (e.g., tides, rips, weather)
- Patron behaviors
- Physical characteristics of the facility (e.g., slopes, drop-offs)
6
Q
How does the identification of dangers affect lifeguarding decisions?
A
It affects decisions about area coverage, number of lifeguards required, positioning, and needed equipment
7
Q
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards must be continuously ______ for hazards that pose a risk to the safety of patrons.
A
[alert]
8
Q
True or False: Lifeguards only need to be aware of hazards that arise from the physical characteristics of the facility.
A
False
9
Q
What can change quickly and pose risks to patrons?
A
Environmental hazards such as tides, rips, or weather
10
Q
What is the role of the lifeguard in relation to patron behavior?
A
To be attuned to the ebb and flow of risk arising from the behaviors and varying abilities of the people being supervised
11
Q
What is the purpose of wordless signage at aquatic facilities?
A
Conveys important messages
12
Q
What should children shorter than the height symbol at a pool do?
A
Must be accompanied by an adult
13
Q
What are the health hazards mentioned for beaches?
A
Urine and animal droppings
14
Q
What should be done before entering a pool?
A
Please shower
15
Q
What is the safety rule regarding glass containers?
A
Please use only plastic containers
16
Q
What should be done with broken glass at a beach?
A
Note problems in writing in the daily report
17
Q
Fill in the blank: Rules for beaches should outline the _______.
A
[acceptable standard of behaviour]
18
Q
True or False: All aquatic facilities can apply the same set of rules universally.
A
False
19
Q
What are the characteristics of effective safety rules?
A
- Fair and realistic
- Eliminate risks
- Easily understood
- Posted
20
Q
What is the recommended number of rules for aquatic facilities?
A
As few as reasonably possible
21
Q
What should be checked daily as part of a lifeguard’s routine?
A
Equipment and facility conditions
22
Q
What does a red slash through a sign indicate?
A
Activity is prohibited
23
Q
What should be included in facility rules to promote understanding?
A
The reason for the rule
24
Q
Fill in the blank: The physical setup of the waterfront includes the _______.
A
[location of rescue equipment]
25
What is an important consideration when developing rules for public use of a facility?
Anticipated hazards
26
What should be done if a problem arises at a facility?
Close the area when a problem is noted
27
What does the yellow color in signage typically represent?
Warning or caution
28
Fill in the blank: Facilities must provide a warning of _______.
[hazards]
29
What is the primary goal of facility rules?
Reduce and control hazards
30
What should be done during busy times at a facility?
Consider changing the rules to ensure safety
31
What is a common risk associated with diving into shallow water?
Dangerous injuries
32
What should be done if individuals are not following safety rules?
Staff enforcement of acceptable behavior
33
What is the exception for animals in crowded areas?
Seeing-eye dogs accompanying seeing-impaired persons
## Footnote
These dogs are trained to assist their owners and are generally allowed in public spaces.
34
What activities should be discouraged in congested areas?
Potentially hazardous activities such as baseball, frisbee, and volleyball
## Footnote
Missed throws can cause injury, and running players can collide with other patrons.
35
What vehicles are permitted in emergency situations?
Only emergency vehicles approved by lifeguards
## Footnote
These vehicles must not block emergency access routes.
36
What should patrons do with fires before leaving?
Extinguish fires with water or use sand-filled receptacles for hot coals
## Footnote
This prevents injuries from still-burning embers or sharp pieces of wood.
37
What is recommended to prevent littering?
Provide an adequate supply of refuse containers and encourage patrons to use them.
38
What is the purpose of separating swimming, scuba diving, boardsailing, boating, and fishing activities?
To prevent interference and hazards among different activities
## Footnote
Each activity poses its own risks, requiring designated areas.
39
What should be done to discourage vandalism of safety equipment?
Encourage patrons to stay clear of safety equipment and post signs against inappropriate use.
40
What is a water buffer zone?
A designated area marked with buoys between swimming and boating or boardsailing
## Footnote
This allows for closer supervision of swimmers.
41
What does legislation in most municipalities say about alcohol consumption in public places?
It prohibits the consumption of alcoholic beverages
## Footnote
Persons under the influence can be a nuisance and a risk to themselves and others.
42
When should diving or jumping from a height be prohibited?
Where underwater hazards exist and when safe supervision cannot be assured.
43
What factors may influence the number of lifeguards required?
* Size and configuration of the facility
* Number of patrons
* Age or ability/disability of patrons
* Type of patron activity
* Danger areas
* Equipment in use
* Public education and public relations requirements
* Other tasks required of lifeguards
* Indoor or outdoor operation
* Type of program(s) offered
* Budget allocated
44
What is the objective of lifeguard positioning?
To ensure effective supervision of the entire facility.
45
What are the three basic approaches to the supervision of swimming areas?
Zone Coverage, effective monitoring, and strategic positioning.
46
What should be considered for lifeguard positioning?
* Number of lifeguards on duty
* Number of patrons and their behavior
* Visibility of patrons and danger areas
* Lifeguard response efficiency
* Size and shape of the facility
* Perspectives on each zone
47
What is the responsibility of Lifeguard G1?
Responsible for Zone 1 (west half of the water area)
## Footnote
This area extends from the shoreline to just beyond the buoyline.
48
True or False: Lifeguards can be positioned in stationary positions only.
False
## Footnote
A mix of mobile, stationary, and elevated positions is ideal.
49
What is intensive coverage in lifeguard supervision?
An approach where each lifeguard is responsible for a designated zone.
50
What is extensive coverage in lifeguard supervision?
An approach where the entire swimming area is considered one big zone with all lifeguards responsible for its supervision.
51
What is the primary purpose of accident prevention in lifeguard supervision?
To ensure adequate supervision and safety in the swimming area.
52
How many lifeguards are typically involved in intensive coverage?
At least two, but usually three or more.
53
In what settings is intensive coverage commonly used?
* Pools
* Waterparks
* Waterfronts with beach, rafts, docks
54
What is a risk associated with overlapping adjoining zone boundaries?
The risk of 'dead zones' (unsupervised areas).
55
What is the typical number of lifeguards in extensive coverage?
Only one or two lifeguards.
56
What is a common feature of extensive coverage at waterfronts?
Large areas of beach are covered by only one or two lifeguards from a single tower.
57
What is a combined coverage approach in lifeguard supervision?
A mix of intensive and extensive coverage for effective supervision.
58
What advantage does zone rotation provide for lifeguards?
Helps stay alert and share demanding positions.
59
What is a limitation of extensive coverage?
Lifeguards do not rotate positions and may have little change of pace.
60
What is an advantage of the combined approach in lifeguard supervision?
Overlapping coverage provides double supervision of swimmers.
61
What is a necessary feature for lifeguards in extensive supervision roles?
Height (as in towers) or mobility (as in boats).
62
Fill in the blank: The _______ approach allows lifeguards to adjust position more freely to suit the activities of bathers.
Extensive
63
True or False: Intensive coverage is less practical for larger facilities with multiple activity areas.
False
64
What is one way lifeguards in an extensive supervision role can communicate effectively?
They can provide quick contact with emergency services.
65
What is the responsibility of Lifeguard G1?
Responsible for Zone 1 (east half of deck)
## Footnote
Lifeguard G1 is positioned on the east chair.
66
What area does Lifeguard G2 cover?
Zone 2 (deck and shallow water areas)
## Footnote
Lifeguard G2 is walking on deck.
67
What is the role of Lifeguard G3?
Responsible for Zone 2 (deck and shallow water areas)
## Footnote
Lifeguard G3 is positioned on the west chair.
68
What are 'hot zones' in a lifeguarding context?
Areas that require frequent lifeguard attention due to risks
## Footnote
These zones may include characteristics like depth changes or high patron activity.
69
Where might lifeguards be positioned for extensive coverage?
Elevated positions such as chairs or towers
## Footnote
This allows them to oversee the entire area effectively.
70
What is the benefit of lifeguards being positioned at elevated stations?
Provides a broader perspective and better sight lines
## Footnote
Elevated stations minimize the effects of glare and refraction.
71
What is 'roving' in the context of lifeguarding?
Monitoring multiple locations closely within a designated area
## Footnote
Roving can help cover blind spots created by physical structures.
72
Define 'ground-level patrols' in lifeguarding.
Walking patrols assigned to monitor areas closely
## Footnote
These patrols can provide effective public relations and education.
73
What is the importance of sight lines for lifeguards?
Critical for effective observation and monitoring of a designated zone
## Footnote
The lifeguard's line of sight should be unobstructed.
74
Fill in the blank: The triangular shape of zones is often used to create _______.
desired perspectives
75
True or False: Elevated lifeguard positions are less effective than ground-level supervision.
False
## Footnote
Elevated positions allow for better visibility and monitoring.
76
What characteristic of human vision is important for lifeguards?
Best focused on objects directly in front
## Footnote
This affects how lifeguards scan their zones.
77
How can lifeguards effectively minimize head-turning while scanning?
Positioning themselves to minimize the distance their heads must turn
## Footnote
This improves their ability to monitor their zones.
78
What should be taken into account when designing lifeguarding zones?
The shape of the facility and potential blind spots
## Footnote
This ensures effective coverage and safety.
79
What is the primary goal of accident prevention in lifeguarding?
To ensure safety and minimize risks for patrons
## Footnote
This involves proactive measures and effective monitoring.
80
What is the primary duty of lifeguards during their shift?
To supervise and ensure the safety of patrons in the swimming area
## Footnote
Lifeguards must remain vigilant and responsive to emergencies.
81
What should lifeguards do when one lifeguard changes position?
Signal to others on duty
## Footnote
Communication is crucial for maintaining effective coverage.
82
Why is it important for lifeguards to rotate positions?
To cover gaps and reduce fatigue
## Footnote
Regular rotation helps maintain high levels of vigilance.
83
What factors can affect a lifeguard's ability to supervise effectively?
Fatigue, weather conditions, and distractions
## Footnote
Lifeguards need periodic breaks to maintain their effectiveness.
84
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards must practice to develop and improve their _______.
perception skills
## Footnote
This includes recognizing signs of trouble among patrons.
85
What is the significance of effective scanning for lifeguards?
To systematically observe and monitor the swimming area
## Footnote
Effective scanning helps identify potential hazards and emergencies.
86
True or False: Ground-level lifeguards have a limited view of the swimming area.
True
## Footnote
Their position can make them more prone to distractions.
87
What should lifeguards listen for to aid in supervision?
Unusual sounds such as arguments or calls for help
## Footnote
Listening is an important part of situational awareness.
88
What are some environmental hazards lifeguards must monitor?
Thunder, smoke, and chemical spills
## Footnote
These can indicate potential dangers for patrons.
89
What is the purpose of a mobile lifeguard?
To maintain supervision while moving through the area
## Footnote
Roving lifeguards ensure constant observation across different zones.
90
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards must be positioned with clear _______.
unobstructed sight lines
## Footnote
This ensures they can effectively supervise their designated areas.
91
What role does smell play in a lifeguard's surveillance?
It can indicate the presence of alcohol or smoke
## Footnote
Smells can alert lifeguards to potential issues in the environment.
92
What should rotations of lifeguards be based on?
The demands of any single post and safety needs
## Footnote
Regular rotations help maintain alertness and coverage.
93
What is the 'big picture' that lifeguards must keep in mind?
The overall safety and activities of patrons in the facility
## Footnote
Lifeguards must be aware of the general flow and behavior of patrons.
94
What are some techniques lifeguards use for effective scanning?
Visual observation, listening for sounds, and using binoculars
## Footnote
These techniques help lifeguards monitor their areas more effectively.
95
Why is it important for lifeguards to track patron activity?
To identify potential trouble and ensure safety
## Footnote
Monitoring the number and behavior of patrons is crucial.
96
What is the foundation of the lifeguard surveillance system?
Constant scanning
## Footnote
Constant scanning is essential for observing patron behavior and ensuring safety.
97
What is the purpose of safety stops in wave pools?
To serve as a safety stop for patrons during regular pauses in wave action
## Footnote
Safety stops help restore normal behavior and provide a break for patrons.
98
What should patrons do during a safety stop?
Tread water or stand in shallow water
## Footnote
This is often a safety measure during crowded conditions.
99
True or False: Lifeguards should focus on a patron with a visible disability.
False
## Footnote
Lifeguards are cautioned to avoid focusing solely on individuals with visible disabilities.
100
What conditions require special attention from lifeguards?
Patrons with disabilities or conditions that put them at greater risk
## Footnote
These patrons may need additional supervision.
101
What technique can lifeguards use to ensure adequate supervision?
Count the number of people in the swimming area
## Footnote
This helps lifeguards maintain awareness of patron numbers.
102
What is the purpose of water checks?
To signal all swimmers to leave the water
## Footnote
Water checks can increase safety during busy periods.
103
During busy periods, what should lifeguards avoid while speaking with patrons?
Stopping scanning
## Footnote
Continuous scanning is vital for safety.
104
What is the buddy system?
A system where swimmers pair up and look out for each other
## Footnote
Each pair is assigned a number for check-in purposes.
105
What should lifeguards do to effectively scan their zone?
Use peripheral vision and avoid staring fixedly at one spot
## Footnote
This helps in detecting unusual behavior.
106
What is profile matching in lifeguard scanning?
Tracking the progress of individuals against characteristic profiles
## Footnote
This helps identify potential trouble or victim types.
107
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards should monitor changes in _______.
patron behavior
## Footnote
Changes in behavior can indicate potential safety issues.
108
What should lifeguards do to educate patrons during safety stops?
Make announcements and seek cooperation
## Footnote
This provides an opportunity for communication and education.
109
What are 'hot spots' in a swimming area?
Areas where activities like diving and sliding occur frequently
## Footnote
Lifeguards should pay special attention to these locations.
110
What is mental filing in lifeguard scanning?
Sorting patrons into groups by age, sex, and ability
## Footnote
This helps in recognizing patterns and potential risks.
111
True or False: Lifeguards should only focus on the patrons directly in front of them.
False
## Footnote
Lifeguards need to scan the entire area, including behind them.
112
What is the goal of grouping patrons?
To ensure safety and monitor risk potential
## Footnote
Grouping helps lifeguards keep track of different types of patrons.
113
What should lifeguards do at the start and end of operations?
Tour the facility to ensure safety equipment and conditions are adequate
## Footnote
Regular checks are crucial for maintaining a safe environment.
114
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards should pay special attention to patrons with _______.
seizure disorders
## Footnote
These individuals are particularly vulnerable in the water.
115
What does the check-in and check-out system involve?
Tracking patrons entering and leaving the swimming area using pegs or tags
## Footnote
This aids in managing bather turnover.
116
What speeds may riders attain on some water slides?
30 to 60 km/h
117
What are essential for shallow water pools?
Qualified supervision and emergency procedures
118
True or False: Stand-alone wading pools are often regulated like shallow water pools.
False
119
Who should supervise shallow water pools?
Lifeguards or individuals trained in supervision
120
What should pregnant women do before using a hot tub?
Consult their physicians
121
Fill in the blank: Children under ______ years of age are not allowed in hot tubs.
five
122
What is the maximum temperature for hot tubs?
40 degrees Celsius
123
What should patrons do if they experience headache or dizziness in water?
Leave the water immediately
124
List some safety rules for using hot tubs and whirlpools.
* Do not use alone
* Limit use to 10-15 minutes
* Enter and exit slowly
125
What should be indicated at the access point of a diving board?
When the diving board is closed
126
What is a rule for using diving boards?
One person on the board at a time
127
What should lifeguards do to ensure safety around diving boards?
Monitor patrons and enforce safety rules
128
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards help prevent accidents on and around ______ boards.
diving
129
What can increase the risk of injury on diving boards?
Varying skill levels of patrons
130
What should patrons be educated about regarding toys and accessories?
Safe use and personal responsibility
131
What factors should be considered in planning policies for leisure accessories?
* Accessory type
* User safety
* Environment hazards
132
True or False: Large inflatables require direct supervision.
True
133
What should lifeguards be familiar with regarding equipment?
Specific characteristics and potential hazards
134
What is a hazard posed by outdoor environments for patrons?
Winds and waves
135
What is the role of lifeguards in relation to leisure accessories?
Educate patrons and ensure safety
136
Fill in the blank: Each major apparatus produces ______ for lifeguards.
specific challenges
137
What does the number and type of leisure toys affect?
Lifeguarding requirements and supervision
138
What is the primary task of a lifeguard?
Preventive surveillance
## Footnote
Lifeguards focus on preventing drownings and accidents.
139
What can increase the chances of drownings in supervised areas?
Intrusion of non-lifeguard duties
## Footnote
Non-lifeguard tasks can distract from surveillance responsibilities.
140
True or False: Communication is one-way in lifeguarding.
False
## Footnote
Communication is a two-way process, essential for effective lifeguarding.
141
What factors influence the appropriate communication in lifeguarding?
* Acoustics
* Noise levels
* Distances
* Type of facility and clientele
## Footnote
These factors help tailor communication strategies for effectiveness.
142
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards must communicate successfully with patrons to _______.
[stop dangerous activities]
## Footnote
Effective communication is key to preventing accidents.
143
What is a key responsibility of administrators regarding lifeguards?
Awareness of non-lifeguard duties
## Footnote
Administrators should ensure lifeguards remain focused on their primary responsibilities.
144
What should a lifeguard do if they suspect a patron is under the influence of drugs or alcohol?
Ask about their medication or medical problems
## Footnote
This helps assess risks before entering the water.
145
What is the role of a staff member stationed at the entrance to a swimming facility?
Assess potential risks of each patron
## Footnote
They greet patrons and monitor for safety concerns.
146
What technique should lifeguards use to communicate with patrons effectively?
Use firm tones and polite language
## Footnote
This approach helps in maintaining authority while ensuring clarity.
147
True or False: Lifeguards should use a public address (P.A.) system frequently during public swims.
False
## Footnote
Announcements should be limited to avoid annoying patrons.
148
What does a long blast on a whistle signify?
Emergency: clear the water
## Footnote
Whistle signals are critical for crowd control and safety.
149
What should lifeguards do to prevent unwitnessed drownings?
Combine vigilant scanning with effective recognition techniques
## Footnote
Training in victim recognition is essential.
150
Fill in the blank: Lifeguards should avoid _______ in their voice during announcements.
[panic or annoyance]
## Footnote
Clear communication helps maintain order and calm.
151
What is the significance of educating patrons about safety?
Promotes cooperation and awareness
## Footnote
An informed public can assist lifeguards in maintaining safety.
152
What should lifeguards do to ensure effective communication during emergencies?
Speak slowly and enunciate clearly
## Footnote
This ensures messages are understood under stress.
153
What is a common cause of fatalities in supervised aquatic facilities?
Failure to recognize signs of distress
## Footnote
Vigilance is crucial for preventing drownings.
154
What can help lifeguards supervise efficiently?
Increasing the number of eyes and ears on duty
## Footnote
More staff can enhance surveillance and safety.
155
What should lifeguards do if communication is difficult?
Use devices like megaphones
## Footnote
These tools help project the lifeguard's voice over noise.
156
What is the relationship between communication and safety in lifeguarding?
Effective communication is essential for accident prevention
## Footnote
Clear instructions can help avert dangerous situations.
157
What is the recommended SPF for sunscreen according to the Canadian Cancer Society?
SPF of 30 or higher
## Footnote
Higher SPF provides greater protection against UV radiation.
158
What are the three types of skin cancer?
* Basal cell carcinoma
* Squamous cell carcinoma
* Malignant melanoma
## Footnote
Each type has different characteristics and levels of severity.
159
What is the main cause of skin cancer?
Exposure to ultraviolet radiation
## Footnote
This is particularly significant in Canada where skin cancer is common.
160
What should lifeguards avoid while supervising swimmers?
Performing maintenance or administrative tasks
## Footnote
Inattention can lead to serious or fatal accidents.
161
What does a red sky at night indicate?
Sailors delight
## Footnote
This is a common saying suggesting fair weather.
162
What does a red sky in the morning signify?
Sailors take warning
## Footnote
This suggests that bad weather may be approaching.
163
Fill in the blank: The _______ the SPF, the greater the protection.
higher
164
What are the protective measures recommended for sun safety?
* Sunscreen
* Protective clothing
* Sunglasses
* Wide-brimmed hats
## Footnote
These measures help reduce exposure to harmful UV rays.
165
What is a consequence of distractions for lifeguards?
Serious disruption in safety supervision
## Footnote
Lifeguards must remain vigilant to prevent accidents.
166
What is a sign of skin damage from sun exposure?
Suntans and sunburns
## Footnote
Both indicate that the skin has been affected by UV radiation.
167
How does the body defend itself against UV radiation?
By producing melanin
## Footnote
Melanin darkens the skin, which is a natural defense mechanism.
168
What signifies fair weather according to cloud types?
Light fluffy cumulus clouds
## Footnote
These clouds are typically associated with clear and sunny conditions.
169
What is the effect of a single severe sunburn during childhood or adolescence?
May lead to melanoma later in life
## Footnote
Early exposure to UV radiation increases the risk of skin cancer.
170
True or False: The effectiveness of sunscreen varies with the skin type.
True
## Footnote
Different skin types react differently to UV exposure.
171
What indicates an imminent storm?
Fast-approaching clouds
## Footnote
Slow-moving clouds indicate stable weather conditions.
172
What type of clouds can mean thunderstorms?
Cumulonimbus clouds
## Footnote
These clouds are characterized by their towering shape and dark appearance.
173
What is the importance of weather forecasts for lifeguards?
To prepare for hazards associated with certain weather conditions
## Footnote
Staying informed helps ensure the safety of patrons.
174
Fill in the blank: The direction and speed at which clouds move indicate the _______ of an air mass.
movement
