2 Flashcards
graves
antibodies
autoimmune antibodies to TSH receptor, thyroid peroxisomes and thyroglobulin
thyroid follicular adenoma
mutation
ras or PIK3CS mutation of TSHR
papillary carcinoma what causes it mutations signs on CT spread via symptoms
- ionising radiation
- activates MAP kinase pathway > rearangement of RET or NTK1 > activating point mutations in BRAF
- psammoma bodies (calcific bodies seen in CT)
- spread via lymphatics
- hoarsness, dysphagia, cough, dyspnoea
follicular carcinoma
what causes it
mutations
- iodine deficiency
- PI3K AKT pathway, Ras family, translocation involving pax8 and PPARY1
medullary carcinoma
comes from where
associated with what
symptoms
- derived from C cells
- MEN 2
- diarrhoea and flushing of skin
- neck mass
anaplastic carcinoma
mutations
- p53 and B-catenin mutations
congenital thyroid disease
symptoms
- delayed jaundice
- poor feeding but normal weight gain
- hypotonia
- umbilical hernia
- skin and hair changes
hypercalcaemia primary secondary tertiary symptoms
primary - overactiivty of PT gland due to adenoma
secondary - physiological response to low Ca
tertiary - chronic hyperparathyroidism
- bones, stones, abdominal groans, psychotic moans
hypocalcaemia
what causes it
symptoms
signs
- mostly due to renal failure
- tingling in fingers + toes
- carpopedal spasm (BP cuff inflated + held for 3 minutes)
- trosseaus sign (tapping on face)
hyperparathyroidism primary secondary tertiary symptoms
primary - adenoma
secondary - chronic hypocalcameia
tertiary - chronic secondary
- OP
- renal stones
- constipation
- muscle weakness
hypoparathyroidism
causes
symptoms
- rare
- post op
- di george syndrome
- hypomagnesaemia
SPASMODIC
psuedohyperparathyroidism
what causes it
mutation
- genetic disorder in which the body cant respone to PTH (it is resistant)
- defect in Gs alpha subunit within GNAS1
pseudo-pseudo hyperparathyroidism
- genetic disorder associated with morphological features of pseudo but normal biochem
