2 Flashcards
Levels of evidence (lowest to highest)
Unsystematic clinical observations (anecdotes)
Physiologic studies
Single uncontrolled observationsal studies (case series)
Single controlled observational study
Systematic review of controlled observational studies
Single randomized trial
Systematic review of randomized trials
A measure of effect of a specific tx that may correlate with a real clinical endpoint but doesnt necessarily have a guaranteed
Surrogate endpoint
Surrogate outcomes may not predict long term benefit/harm
Uncertainty about whether the experimental intervention is better than the comparison intervention
Equipose
Equipose= ethical req for an RCT
Attrition Bias
Withdrawals or exclusion sof people that entered into a study
solution: Intention to tx analysis (analysis that includes all of study participants whether or not they completed the tx)
________ is calculated using survival analysis
Hazard ratio
_______ calculates risk over a certain time span
Relative risk
________ risk calculates risk at a particular point in time
Hazard ratios
Relative risk
=1
>1
<1
=2
=0.5
What are the 5 levels of evidence?
- Systems (ex: EHRs)
- Summaries (textbook like)
- Synopses (summaries of expertly assesed studies and systematic reviews)
- Syntheses (systematic reviews and practice guidelines)
- Sudies ( individual RCTs- clinical trials, case reports))
What part of the 6s pyramid would UpToDate be in?
Summaries
What part of the 6s pyramid (showing levels of evidence) would Cochrane be?
Synopses/syntheses
What part of the 6S pyramid would PubMed (Medline, PMC, NCBI) be in?
Synopses/syntheses and synopses of studies/studies
What’s a MeSH term?
Basic terms
Controlled vocab that helps you find exactly what you want
What are the benefits of using the PubMed Clinical Queries tool
designed to provide more efficient access to studies and systematic reviews which correlate with a specific clinical domain
-This is designed to give you more immediate insight into the amount of studies available in your field of study
