2급: 문법 Flashcards
-어/아/여지다
Signifies that subject’s state has changed;
“Will be getting…”
“Is getting…”
“Has gotten…”
- 지요
- 죠
Question to confirm something
“Isn’t it?”
“Right?”
“Didn’t it?”
N 이/가/를/을 N 만큼 V
Limit or degree of similarity to another
아/어/여 보다
Express attempt at action
못 AV
Action cannot be carried out or someone is incapable of carrying out the act
- 기 위해서/위해
- 지 않기 위해서/위해
- 을/를 위해서/위해
Denote purpose of AV/N
-았/었/였으면 좋겠다
Express strong desire
“I wish”
“I hope”
N을/를 가지고
State objects use as a tool, means, method, or ingredient
N 덕분에
AV은/ㄴ 덕분에
Reason for a positive result
-으니까/니까
Realization as a result of an action
“After I _____, I found/realized…..”
-는 줄 알았다
Show that speaker previously had incorrect info
“I thought…”
-는 중이다
Express certain action in progress
“In the middle of”
-이나/나
Express surprise at number or degree
-에게서/한테서/께
Starting point of an action
“From”
이나/나
When speaking about a N that is not the best choice but can be easily chosen
- AV 는구나
- DV 구나
- N 이구나
- V 았/었/였구나
Express exclamation or wonder at new info
-기는 하지만/했지만
Acknowledge something but also express own opinion
N에 비해서
V 는/은/ㄴ 비해서
V 을/ㄹ 때에 비해서
Something is more …. than another
에 대해서
To speak about something associated with a noun
“It’s about…
자
Suggestion (informal speech)
고말고요
To express agreement with other question or statement
어/아/여라
Command (informal speech)
어/아/여 가지고
Denote that actions take place in that order. Clause 2 is founded upon clause 1
AV 는/ㄴ다 DV 다 N 이다/다 V 었/았/였다 V 겠다 V 을/ㄹ 것이다/거다 V 니? N 이니/니? V 었/았/였니? V 을/ㄹ 거니?
Informal speech for ㅂ/급니다 and ㅂ/습니까
었/았/였던
Attached to V when thinking of past state or action to describe a N
어/아/여
Informal speech
AV 는 걸 보면
DV 은/ㄴ 걸 보면
AV(past) 은/ㄴ 걸 보면
To express reasons (clause 1) for speculation (clause 2)
N 로/으로 해서
To go though or via a certain route
마다
Same action or state that repeats in certain intervals
ㄹ/을래요
Ask for another’s inclination on something
DV 게
Denote mean or degree of an action or state
N 에다가
Express location or object or position on or in which an action takes places
부터
Express first action that takes place
AV 지 말고 AV
First action is prohibited so another is commanded or suggested
N 이나/나요
N 이나 AV.
Amount or degree is more than expected
V 기 때문에
N 이기 때문에
V 었/았/였기 때문에
N 때문에
Express cause or reason
*cannot be used with command or suggestion
N 밖에
Limit of something
“Nothing but..”
“With the exception of …”
V 던
When talking about a habitual V that comes to an abrupt end without completion
N처럼 V
Express when something is similar to another
N중에서 N V
Amongst
N이라고/라고 하다 AV는/ㄴ다거 하다 DV다고 하다 V았/었/있다고 하다 V겠다고 하다 V을/ㄹ 거라고 하다
Reiterating something another said or to indirectly voice opinion
N이냐고/냐고 하다 V냐고 하다 V았/었/있냐고 하다 V겠냐고 하다 V을/ㄹ 거냐고 하다
Indirectly ask a question that someone else asked
V거나 V
Choosing between two options
AV으라고/라고 하다 AV지 ㅊ마아고 하세요 N을/를 달라고 하다 AV어/아/여 달라고 하다 N을/룰 주라고 하다 AV아/어/여 주라고 하다
Indirectly relay a command or request of another person
AV을/ㄹ 줄 알다
Express when someone is capable and knows how to do it
AV자고 하다
AV지 말자고 하다
To pass along a proposition made by someone else or indirectly own proposition
V아/어/여서 그런지
N이어서 그런지
To speculate reason or cause
AV는/ㄴ다고 하니까
DV다고 하니까
N이라고 하니까
V았/었/있다고 하니까
When giving instructions or making a suggestion based on facts heard elsewhere
V어/아/여도
N이어도
When natural conclusion/result of former clause is not expected
Did opposite of what was expected from first part of sentence in kli
DV어/아/여하다
DV to AV
N이/가 AV-기-/-리-
N이/가 N에게 AV-기-/-리-
피동
Express that subject is being influenced by another
Passive voice
AV었/았/였다가 AV
Different action began after first action ended (usually opposite actions)
