2 Flashcards
What two main groups of antibiotics inhibit cell wall synthesis
Beta lactams
Glycopeptide
Name the three subgroups of beta lactams
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
carbapenems
Between pen v and pen g which is better orally absorbed
Penicillin v
Which beta lactam is good against staphylococci
Flucloxacillin
Give two examples of cephalosporins
Cefalexin
Ceftazidime
Name two examples of carbapenems and what they do
Ertapenem- orally absorbed
Meropenem - very broad spectrum
Mode of action of beta lactams
Block active site of penicillin binding protein and stops cross linking between cell wall components therefore is susceptible to osmotic lysis
What are beta lactams often given in combination with and why
Beta lactamase inhibitors because many bacteria produce beta lactamases that hydrolyse the beta lactam ring and inactivate it
Give an example of a beta lactamase inhibitor and an example of a well known combination
Clavulanic acid
Co-amoxiclav (amoxicillin and clavulanic acid)
What is the mode of action of glycopeptide antibiotics
Block the binding site of the penicillin binding protein and stop cell wall cross-linking
Give two examples of glycopeptide antibiotics
Vancomycin
Teicoplanin
Name some bacteria that glycopeptides are useful for due to beta lactam resistance
MRSA
Coagulase negative staphylococci
Penicillin resistance entercocci and streptococci
Clostridium difficile
Name the three groups of protein synthesis inhibitors
Macrolides Tetracyclines Aminoglycosides Rifamycins Lincosamides
Give two examples of macrolides
Erythromycin
Clarithromycin- community acquired pneumonia (legionella and mycoplasma)
Give examples of tetracyclines
When you use them and when you don’t
doxycycline and tigecycline
Broad spectrum.
Not in pregnancy children or in neutropenia ( bacteriostatic)
