2 Flashcards
Taste sensation umami related to which AA
Glutamate
Which surrounds nerve axon
endoneurium
which surrounds myofibril
endomysium
Brachial nerve for circumduction
Axillary n.
Fluoride mechanism for killing bacteria
prevents glycolysis (enolase)
End organ of sympathetic system
Adrenal medulla
Girl, dead erupted lower canine but not upper, rattle snake bites her lateral right forearm, hematoma on lateral rim of right orbit? (maybe left)
Age of girl
Bone or orbit likely broke
Line of radiolucency on left orbit lateral margin–what is it
Where would countercoup injury be
Which nerve is more prone to damage in the forearm
9-10 (max canines erupt at 11-12) zygomatic bone normal suture right sphenoid (opposite area of impact) Radial n.
In a scar tissue there is bone formation what is this called
Metaplasia (osseous metaplasia)
Correct about apoptosis
stage of cell cycle can’t dive (g1?)
Decrease number and size of tissue
Hypoplasia (#) Hypotrophy (atrophy) (size)
Lack of differentiation
Anaplasia
Carcinoma that doesn’t perforate basement
dysplasia
In which can we see more squamous metaplasia
Bronhcial
Prothrombin acts with which to form thrombin
Ca2+
Fungal infection that leads to superficial skin disease
Trychophytom (mucormycosis also)
Hyphae & chlamidiospore of which fungus could be found on mucosa
Candida
Which could be seen as an intracellular organism
Histoplasmosis
Tract primarily for pain
Lateral spinothalamic
Phase of ovary when uterus is in secretory phase
Luteal
Which is NOT a glycoprotein
GH (peptide hormone)
NOT true about pregnancy hormone
Decreased Progesterone (it increases)
Controls movement of mixed foods in GI tract
Segmented
Which organ has active PEP carboxylase
Liver
Best term for burning of pyruvate
Oxidative carboxylation
Why diabetic pt. needs less insulin when exercising
Increased sensitivity of muscle to insulin
Which is NOT contributed in posterior wall of axilla
Humerus
Adenosine deaminase deficiency causes what disease
Severe Combined Immunodeficiency (SCID)
6th month pt. with pyogenic infection, Dr’s can’t palpate spleen, lymph nodes, doesn’t have thymus, low WBC, what is the pt’s problem?
SCID
Pt. mid-aged female with pelvic lymphadenopathy, oral mucosa ulcer, very low WBC, pain, fever, what is the problem?
AML
EBV is related to
Burkitt Lymphoma
Which virus doesn’t have latent phase
Rhinovirus
Pt. is female–has edema, what is the cause of edema
Decrease protein in plasma (KWASH)
in Hypertensive heart, which is seen
Left Ventricular atrophy
Which needs arthropods vector
Ricketsia
Posterior tooth most likely missing
Mandibular 2nd premolar
Which is related to GI malignancy
Villous adenoma
Biggest triangular ridge on Facial cusp
Mandibular 1st premolar
Which tooth, lingual dimension is more than buccal dimension
Maxillary 1st molar
Tallest cusp of primary mandibular first molar
ML (DB for Mand. 2nd molar)
Which primary tooth has crown similar to PM and roots similar to Molars
25
Most symmetrical tooth
Mandibular central incisor
Highest osmolarity in kidney
Loop of henle in the medulla
Cross section shape of maxillary central incisor at CEJ
Triangular
Space between teeth in resting position
2-4 mm
Clicking, no symptoms, under stress, where is problem coming from
Lateral pterygoids
Which has the higher probability
Mesial Root of 1st Mand. Molar–2 canals
Which differentiates hepatocyte from other cells
Glucokinase
Which cell can’t you see in the periosteum
Chondroblast
Peg shaped tooth most likely seen in
Max laterals
Mesial contact of lower canine
Incisal third
Max: IJ–JM–JM–MM–MM–MJ (x3)
Mand: II–II–IM–MM–MM–JM (x3)
From frontal view, inclination of lower molar teeth is
lingual
Major microorganism found in dental abscesses with shape of branching
Actinomyces
Mumps and measles belongs to which virus group
Paramyxoviruses
Hep. C virus is a
RNA virus
Sulfonamindes compete with what molecule in their MOA
ParaAminoBanzoicAcid (PABA)***
Techincally, the receptor of T-cells are similar to which one
Fab
Predominant cell in acute inflam. responses
PMN (neutrophil)
Predominant cell in abscess
PMN (neutrophils)
Force that holds lipid bilayer
Hydrophobic interaction
Criteria determines progressive shift of nonworking condyle
Medial Wall of Glenoid Fossa
Which is autosomal dominant
Gardner syndrome
Inferior parathyroid origin is from what pouch
3rd POUCH–NOT ARCH
What branchial arch is the body of the hyoid bone made of
3rd (could be 2nd)
Pt has problem with external auditory meatus, what is the origin of this
1st Pharyngeal Cleft
CASE:
6 week pregnant woman, Tetracycline for Rosacea
- Which doesn’t occur until 6 weeks of fetal dev.
- Which is seen in fetus, but not mother
- Problem w/ tetracycline for fetus
- After what time is it best for elective dental tx, as it should be after organogenesis of fetus
- Palatal shelf fusion
- Ductus venosous
- Color change
- 24 weeks
Which muscle opens mouth (besides lat. pterygoid)
Geniohyoid
Muscle that protrudes hyoid bone
Geniohyoid
In dissection of vallecula which won’t you see
Inferior Laryngeal n.
Esophagus starts at which point
Cricoid cartilage level
CASE:
Female, left back stab at L1-2, adjacent to the vertebra, 12 cm depth, has mallory wise bodies on her esophagus and multiple mass on her uterus
- Cause of mallory body
- What is the mass on her uterus
- Organ most likely damaged
- Alcoholism
- Leiomayoma
- Kidney (T12-L3)
Tetanus toxin MOA
Prevent inhibitor neurotransmitter (GABA)
Toxin of Gas Gangrene organism has what kind of enzyme activity
Lipase (Lecithinase)
-Clostridium perfenigens
Lipid A with Polysacch. core is in which organism
Gram Negative bacteria
Clostridium tetani are all of the following
Gram +
Anaerobic
Spores (from soil or GI of animals)
Rods (before spores form)
Action of pill in organism pathogenicity
Adhesion and attachment to cell
When do cardiac muscles start to contract
Influx of Ca2+ from outside
Regulation of smooth muscle contraction is controlled by
Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK)
Which molecule in skeletal muscle is bound to Ca2+
Troponin C (Calmodulin (CAM) in smooth muscle)
Which is an intracellular element of glucagone
cAMP
Mechanism of Graves disease
-What do lab tests show
Ig against TSH receptor
-Increased T3 & T4, Decreased TSH (also TSI AB’s and radio iodine uptake)
Origin of Pons and Medulla
Rhombdocephalon (metencephalon and mesencephalon)
Where is the Rushkof Plexus in the pulp
Cell Free Zone of Pulp
Vitamin C is needed for what
Prolyl hydroxylase (Prolinehydoxylase)–collagen formation
Put RBC in hypotonic solution, what happens
Hemolysis
Which is best for GFR
Inulin–mesures excretion rate (not reabsorbed nor secreted by kidney after GFR)
Not normal flora of nasopharynx
Bordetalla pertussis
What causes whooping cough
Bordetalla pertussis
Vaccine for whooping cough/bordetalla pertussis is what type
Toxoid (inactive extoxins) &
Purified Protein type
Which is NOT a autoimmune disease
Erythroblastosis fetalis
-Alloimmune IgG of mother–>placenta and attacks RBC’s of fetus (causes anemia and reticulocytosis)
Which organ are Centroacinar cells seen in
Pancreas
Which is not a function of the spleen
Platelet lysis (RBC occurs in fetus)
Which is posterior to the aorta
Right kidney
Which is innervated by vagus nerve
Transverse colon
Mechanism of Rifampin
RNA synthesis inhibitor
Inhibits DNA-Dep-RNA polymerase which directly stops mRNA TRANSCRIPTION
MOA of Fluorouracil
Suicide Inhibitor of Thymidylate Syn
Which is NOT correct about PCR
Plasmid mediated method/uptake
Histones are synthesized in which phase of the cell cycle
S-phase
Which one plays important role in detecting starting codons on RNA transcription
Sigma part
DNA finger print works via
Restriction fragment length polymer
Process of protein synthesis from RNA
Translation
Lymph of anterior mandibular teeth drain to
Submental
Serous demilumes are seen in which gland
Sublingual
Which nerve innervates soft palate
Lesser palatal n.
Which muscles actions are producing sound by approximating two vocal cords
Lateral Cricothyroid
Trans arrythenoid
Last two terminal branches of ECA
Sup. Temporal & Maxillary arteries
Pt. one day after extraction of maxillary 3rds came with hematoma–cause of hematoma?
Needle violated pterygoid plexus
Pathogen most likely involved in abscess of angle of mandible
A. Israelli (Lumpy Jaw)
Cause of half facial paralysis after IAN
Injection into Parotid gland
After metabolic or respiratory acidosis, which abnormality or electrolytes is more likely possible
Hyperkalemia
In a cell, where does N-glycosylation occur
RER
When does a primary lysosome become secondary
Once primary lysosome combines with phagosome
Most common anemia
Iron def. anemia
Which molecule transfers iron in the blood
Transferin
Which is correct about cholesterol synthesis pathway
Has SQUALIN as pathway intermediate
Punched in face, Angle of mandible had ecchymosis and swelling. What caused this
Hematoma–Ecchymosis
Glucose is sequestered by which enzyme
Hexokinase
Component of teeth does not come from Neural Crest cells
Enamel (enamel organ)
Mesial furcation on Max 1st molar is located where
Half-way between MB and palatal root
What intrinsic muscle of larynx is responsible for speech
Vocalis or thyroarytenoid m.
If you have tracheotomy, which nerve is most likely affected
Recurrent laryngeal
Destruction of ant. pituitary resembles what disease
Addisons & Hypogonadism
Which ion concentration is in a spore
Calcium
What type of CT is found in sutures of children
Hyaline cartilage
8 year old had Max. Central incisor fracture, how long do you wait for root canal therapy
2 years–when roots close
Which artery is most likely to cause epidural hematoma
Middle Meningeal artery
What is the largest of the paranasal sinuses
Max. Sinus
Anterior cerebral artery supplies what lobe
Frontal and Parietal
Main immunoglobulin found in saliva
sIgA (secretory IgA)
