2

Question 1

Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS

Answer 1

Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8

Question 2

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation

Answer 2

Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Question 3

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

Answer 3

Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)

Question 4

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

Answer 4

Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1] deficiency)

Question 5

Dog or cat bite resulting in infection

Answer 5

Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)

Question 6

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Answer 6

sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)

Question 7

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

Answer 7

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)

Question 8

Elastic skin, hypermobility of joints

Answer 8

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect)

Question 9

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

Answer 9

Virchow node (abdominal metastasis)

Question 10

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

Answer 10

Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T-cell lymphoma) or Sezary syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood)

Question 11

Facial muscle spasm upon tapping

Answer 11

Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia)

Question 12

Fat, female, forty, and fertile

Answer 12

Cholelithiasis (gallstones)

Question 13

Fever, chills, headache, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

Answer 13

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release)

Question 14

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

Answer 14

Measles

Question 15

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

Answer 15

B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma

Question 16

Fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis

Answer 16

Peyronie disease (connective tissue disorder)

Question 17

Gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy

Answer 17

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive)

Question 18

Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

Answer 18

Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease)

Question 19

Hamartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands

Answer 19

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction;_cancer risk, mainly GI)

Question 20

Hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms

Answer 20

Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency)

Question 21

Hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts

Answer 21

Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV)

Question 22

Hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility

Answer 22

Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion)

Question 23

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

Answer 23

UMN damage

Question 24

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

Answer 24

LMN damage

Question 25

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

Answer 25

Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis: hyperplasia of mucous cells)

Question 26

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

Answer 26

Nonpainful: chancre (primary syphilis, Treponema pallidum) Painful, with exudate: chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi)

Question 27

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoprosencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

Answer 27

Patau syndrome (trisomy 13)

Question 28

Infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration

Answer 28

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)