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DIT > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

AE of sulfonyurea

A

Hypoglycemia

24 hour long

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2
Q

Which hypoglycemic drug is CI in heart failure

Why

A

TZD’s = cause fluid retention
Rosiglitazone
Pioglitazone

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3
Q

AEs of Rosiglitazone

A

Increased LDL

Increased risk of MI

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4
Q

Which hypoglycemic agent causes weight gain

A

TZDs

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5
Q

Which hypoglycemic drugs cause hypoglycemia

A

Sulfonyurea

Meglitinides

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6
Q

What are Kussmaul’s respirations

A

Blow off CO2 to compensate for acidosis

Slow deep breathing

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7
Q

How to differentiate DKA and HHNK

A

HHNK

  1. Serum glucose > 800
  2. No acidosis
  3. No ketones

DKA

  1. Serum glucose 300-800
  2. Acidosis
  3. Ketones
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8
Q

DX for Diabetic Gastroparesis

A

Gastric emptying study

Pt swallows barium, watch w fluoroscopy to see if emptying into duodenum is present. If not, then we have DX

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9
Q

TX for Diabetic Gastroparesis

A

Increase gastric motility
Cisapride
Erythromycin
Metoclopramide = DOC

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10
Q

CI of Cisapride

A

P450 so CI with
Macrolides
Antifungals
Phenothiazines - chlorpromazine

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11
Q

TX of choice for insulinoma

A

Surgical Resection

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12
Q

If can’t do surgery for insulinoma, TX

A

Diaoxipide

Octreotide

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13
Q

Hypoglycemia - Iatrogenic Labs

A

High insulin

Normal C-peptide

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14
Q

Hypoglycemia - Insulinoma labs

A

High insulin

High C-peptide

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15
Q

Pathophys of Grave’s

A

AI

Autoabs to TSI

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16
Q

Increased TBG seen in?

A

Pregnancy

OCPs

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17
Q

Decreased TBG in ?

A

Nephrotic syndrome

Androgen use

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18
Q

Toxic adenoma/multinodular TX

A

Same as Grave’s
Methimazole, PTU
RAI

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19
Q

Subacute thyroiditis

DeQuervian’s

A

Painful goiter

Decreased uptake on scan

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20
Q

Indications for digoxin

Why

A

Heart failure
A fib

Improves contractility
Slows down conduction of heart

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21
Q

Avoid what in thyroid storm

A

ASA

Interferes with TBG

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22
Q

Hashimoto’s assn’s

A

Depression = hypothyroidism

Lymphoma

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23
Q

Abs in Hashimoto’s

A

Anti-TPO (Thyroid Peroxidase )
Anti-microsomal
Anti-thyroglobulin

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24
Q

Hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism DDX

Differentiate?

A

DeQuervian’s
Hashimoto’s

DeQuervian - painful goiter
Hashimoto’s - painless goiter

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25
Q

Most Common thyroid cancer

A

Papillary

Good prognosis

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26
Q

Most malignant thyroid cancer

A

Anaplastic

27
Q

Medullary cancer presentation

A

Produces calcitonin

MEN IIa and IIb assn’s

28
Q

Unexplained hyperlipidemia?

A

Hypothyroidism

29
Q

Unexplained Hyponatremia

A

Hyperthyroidism

30
Q

Unexplained High CPK

A

Hyperthyroidism

31
Q

What is Jod Basedow Phenomenom

A

Hyperthyroidism from Iodine, i.e. contrast from scan

32
Q

TX for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

A

Laser Photocoagulation

33
Q

TX for diabetic peripheral neuropathy

A

Gabapentin
Pregabalin
Duloxetine

34
Q

MCC Hyperparathyroidism

A

Parathyroid Adenoma

Parathyroid Hyperplasia

35
Q

MCC of Pancreatitis (4)

A

Alcoholism
Gallstones
Hypertriglyceridemia
Hypercalcemia

36
Q

Renal induced hypoparathyroidism labs

A

High PTH
High PO4
Low Ca

37
Q

Pseudohypoparathyroidism labs

A

High PTH
High PO4
Low Ca

38
Q

Differentiate bt Renal induced hypoparathyroidism and Pseudohypoparathyroidism

A

BUN/Cr high in renal failure

Signs of uremia

39
Q

High PAC: Low PRA

A

Conn’s syndrome

40
Q

High PAC: Low PRA

A

Secondary hyperaldosteronemia

41
Q

Low PAC: LOW PRA

A

Cushing’s Syndrome

Chronic Licorice

42
Q

Presentation of biliary colic

A

Severe epigastric pain exacerbated by fatty meals
Can defer to right shoulder pain
No fever
No leukocytosis

43
Q

Pathophys of biliary colic

A

Fatty meal causes GB contraction, which presses gallstones against cystic duct opening, increasing pressure within GB and causing distension and colicky pain

44
Q

Presentation of unstable placental abruption and management

A

CTX + bleeding + pain
Unstable if low BP, tachycardia, continued bleeding
Emergency C section

45
Q

What is COPD compliance

A

Increased due to loss of alveolar and elastic tissue

46
Q

What is increased in COPD

A

Increased TLC, FRC, RV lead to hyperinflation and diaphragmatic flattening

47
Q

What does flattening of diaphragm cause in COPD

A

Increases work of breathing due to increased difficulty in decreasing intrathoracic pressure during inhalation

48
Q

Intraventricular hemorrhage Presentation

A 
Premature, Esp <1500g (3.3 lb)
Underweight neonates
Decreased tone
Decreased movements
Seizures
Rapidly increasing head circumference
Tense fontanels
49
Q

Pathophys of intraventricular hemorrhage

A

Blood accumulates in subarachnoid space - impairs arachnoid villi from absorbing CSF -> Communicating hydrocephalus

50
Q

Presentation of infantile milk protein allergy

A 
Blood-streaked stools
Painless rectal bleeding
Non-projectile emesis
Only in infants
Resolves by 1 you
51
Q

What is Diamond-Blackfan anemia

A

Congenital pure RBC aplasia
Presents in 1st 3 months
Pallor + poor feeding

52
Q

MCC painless hemotochezia in young toddler

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

53
Q

Intussusception
Presentation
WU

A 
Severe, intermittent abdominal pain 
Possible hemotochezia
WU
Abdominal US
Air enema
54
Q

Indications for surgery of umbilical hernia

A 
Persists to 3-4 yoa
Exceeds 2 cm diameter
Symptomatic
Strangulation 
Progressively enlarges after 1-2 you
55
Q

MCC of AR in young adults in developed countries

Developing?

A

Congenital bicuspid aortic valve

Rheumatic fever

56
Q

Murmur of ASD

A

Wide fixed split S2

Ejection systolic murmur heard best over left 2nd IC space

57
Q

HOCM murmur

A

Harsh crescendo-decresendo systolic murmur heard best at apex and Left lower sternal border

58
Q

WU of VSD

A

EKG

Echo

59
Q

WU Of ASCUS

A 
21-24 Yoa - Repeat cytology in 1 year
> 25 yoa 
1. HPV DNA test
2. If positive -> Colposcopy
If negative -> Repeat pap and HPV in 3 years
60
Q

What is Carboxyhemoglobinemia

A

CO posioning

61
Q

EPO in OSA

A

increased due to hypoxemia sensed by kidneys which increase EPO

62
Q

Renal calculi dietary recommendations

A

Decrease:
Protein
Oxalate
Sodium

Increase
Fluid intake
Dietary Calcium

63
Q

SVC syndrome WU

A

CXR

Malignancy is the MCC

DIT (3 decks)

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