2 Flashcards
Two kinds of fertilizer
Chemical or synthetic
Natural organic
Materials that supply nutrients to the plants
Fertilizers
Most commin nutrients supplied by chemical fertilizers
N, P, K
14-14-14
Complete fertilizer
Urea
45-0-0
Single fertlizer
Ammophos
16-20-0
Incomplete fertilizer
Muriate Potash
0-0-60
Single fertilizer
One of the most important constituents of cell
Nitrogen
10 stages of the life cycle of a plant
1) seed 6)flowering
2) germination 7)polination
3) seedling 8)fertilization
4) young plant 9)fruiting
5) matured plant 10)seed dispersal
considered in soil management
a) cropping system
b) fertilizer program
c) erosion control
d) soil acidity and other chemical properties
phosphorus
for sound development of the root system in the formation of starch and hastening of maturity
potassium
for the formation and transportation of the starch in the water economy of the plants and their susceptibility to fungal attacks
importance of organic fertilizer
1) soil enriched by humus by decomposition of organic matter.
2) soil is loosed and aerated
3) improves soil capacity to retain water and nutrient
most common natural organic fertilizer in the philippines
1) chicken manure
2) hog manure
3) guano(bat and seabirds manure)
composting
process of allowing organic residues to decompose first before application
1)apply at the bottom of the furrow
cover/slightly with soil for direct seeded and ornaments
2)apply in the shadow trench
for mature and established horticultural trees
3)apply in the pockets
for mature established horticultural trees where roots are concentrated
4)spraying
foliar fertilizer mixed with insecticides fungicides
plasmolysis
burn or scotch spots made of fertilizers direct contact with the plants
green manuring
if the source of organic matter comes from the plants grown at the site where it is needed and then plowed under before planting for decomposition and from the other greens
erosion control
- where loss of soil is accelerated
- occurs when man or other agency interferes with the natural equilibrium,which exist between the soil and its environment
how to prevent soil erosion
- continuous production of good crops
- reduce the direct impact of raindrops
- less cultivation
- avoid direct surface run-off water
- contour planting minimizes erosion
cover cropping
practices of growing creeping and bushy plants like citrus,coconut,cacao and rubber ex. colopogonium centrocema
terracing
for hilly bench terracing
silt pits
canals constructed after every few rows of crops to catch soil washed downhill
mulching
practices of covering bare soil around the stem of a growing plant
importance of mulching
- reduces soil erosion
- lowers soil temperature
- keeps surface moist during dry season
- increase soil organic matter
disadvantage of mulching
- may cause fire,if very dry materials are used and no irrigation is done
- serve as breeding ground for rodents/insects
liming
application of lime to bring the soil reaction to neutrality of desired ph
water management
integrated process of applying the needed amount of water at the proper time and the removal excess water from a field to increase crop production.too much is bad
irrigation problem
when to water and how much water to supply
soil factors
soil structure,texture and depth. ability to hold water
climatic factors
temperature hours and intensity of sunshine, relative humidity,wind movement and rainfall.Transpiration or evaporation
plant factors
rooting characteristics, amount of plant cover,drought resistance
rooting characteristics
ability to absorption
furrow irrigation
water is applied in furrows
sprinkler irrigation
water is applied in the form of spray simulating rain
drip irrigation
water is delivered in tickles to the base of each plant trough large tubings, usually plastics attached to smaller tubings
drainage
removal of excess water from the soil root zone reservoir during water season -drainage canal
