2

Question 0

Prokaryotic DNA

Answer 0

Circular genome,bacteria, single origin of replication

Question 1

DNA Polymerase

Answer 1

Reads the bases during genome replication, adds Deoxyribonucleotides to growing chain during DNA replication- enzyme composed of multiple protein subunits - catalyzes the breaking of phosphate bond and forming of new bond- needs to be able to see a polymer of nucleic acids -jumps to synthesize new sections of DNA

Question 2

Semi-conservative DNA Replication

Answer 2

Daughters strands made of half old material and half new material

Question 3

Some Anti-viral drugs

Answer 3

Inhibit phosphorylase step in DNA replication

Question 4

Helicase

Answer 4

Melts/separates and unwinds the two strands of DNA- unwinds and melts ds DNA at the replication fork

Question 5

Leading strand

Answer 5

DNA polymerase can add bases continuously

Question 6

Lagging strand

Answer 6

DNA template is unwinding in the 5 to 3 direction so bases can’t be added linearly

Question 7

Okazaki fragments

Answer 7

Created by discontinuous synthesis of DNA strand

Question 8

Primase

Answer 8

2nd enzyme in DNA replication, makes small handle for DNA polymerase to hang onto- adds RNA primers to leading and lagging strands - associated with DNA polymerase alpha

Question 9

DNA ligase

Answer 9

Seals gaps/joins backbone together when the DNA Polymerase makes jump to new DNA section

Question 10

DNA poly alpha

Answer 10

Extends RNA primer about 30 bases

Question 11

DNA poly epsilon

Answer 11

Continues extension of leading strand

Question 12

DNA plot delta

Answer 12

Continues extension of lagging strand

Question 13

Topoisomerase

Answer 13

Transiently breaks DNA to relieve toritional strain of infringing by Helicase (May be called gyrate in prokaryotes)

Question 14

Eukaryotic DNA

Answer 14

Linear genomes, multiple origins of replication and when replication bubbles meet, ligase glues together the ends

Question 15

End replication problem with Eukaryote DNA

Answer 15

An RNA primer is needed in order to start a chain but an overhang is produced by it - can’t extend all the way to the end with DNA synthesis - telomerase solves this problem

Question 16

Telomerase

Answer 16

Fills the gap left by RNA primer that initiates replication of last Okazaki fragment - it is RNA and protein - determines end strand pattern of bases

Question 17

Telomerase expression

Answer 17

A way to bypass cells lifespan and make it immortal - high expression in stem and cancer cells