2 Flashcards
When did structured language teaching begin in Europe?
Around the 5th century AD, mainly for Latin.
What was the main focus of language teaching in the Middle Ages?
Latin grammar, used in universities as the vehicular language.
What is the primary aim of the Grammar-Translation Method?
To teach grammar rules and translation skills, not communication.
Is pronunciation a focus in GTM?
No, pronunciation is largely ignored.
How is vocabulary taught in GTM?
Through translation and memorizing isolated word lists.
What is a major weakness of GTM?
It doesn’t help learners communicate or speak the language.
What did the Reform Movement promote?
Spoken language, phonetic training, and inductive grammar teaching.
Who were key figures in the Reform Movement?
Henry Sweet, Wilhelm Vietor, Paul Passy.
What is the core principle of the Direct Method?
Immersion in the target language; no translation.
How is grammar taught in the Direct Method?
Inductively, through use, not explanation.
What is a common challenge of the Direct Method?
Requires small classes and high motivation.
What method is also called the “Army Method”?
The Audio-Lingual Method.
What theory is ALM based on?
Behaviorism—habit formation through repetition and drills.
What does ALM discourage?
Use of the native language and translation.
What’s the main idea behind the Oral/Situational Approach?
Teaching language in meaningful real-life contexts
How are grammar items sequenced in OSA?
From simple to complex.
What is the teacher’s role in the Silent Way?
A facilitator who speaks very little and lets students discover.
What unique tools are used in the Silent Way?
Color-coded charts and Cuisenaire rods.
What does CLL emphasize?
Emotional support, trust, and group dynamics in learning.
Who created CLL?
Charles Curran.
What is the purpose of music in Suggestopedia?
To reduce anxiety and improve memory.
Who developed Suggestopedia?
Georgi Lozanov.
How do students respond in TPR?
Physically, by following commands or movements.
What inspired TPR?
How children learn their first language—through physical response.
Who developed the Natural Approach?
Tracy Terrell and Stephen Krashen.
What is Krashen’s “Input Hypothesis”?
Language is acquired when learners understand input just above their level (i+1).
What is the “Affective Filter Hypothesis”?
Low anxiety and high motivation enhance learning. ‘
Who created the total physical response?
James Asher
Who created the OSA and when?
Harold palmar, George Pittman in 1920s _1960s
When was the GTM famous? And where?
En 1840 -1940 in Germany
