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1
Q

Parental gametes

A

In a test cross. The gametes that come from the parents of the heterozygous organism

Those that aren’t the result of recombination or crossing over

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2
Q

Passive transport

A

Movement of a substance across a plasma membrane without requiring energy

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3
Q

Pedigree charts

A

Diagram showing occurrence of phenotypic traits

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4
Q

Phagocytosis

A

Cellular process that involves engulfing food particles into cells cytoplasm. See amoeba

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5
Q

Phenotype

A

Physical characteristics

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6
Q

Photosynthesis

A

Conversion of water and carbon dioxide into sugar and oxygen using light energy

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7
Q

Pit

A

In plant cells. Thing area of cell wall that are locations is clusters of plasmodesmata

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8
Q

Plasma membrane

A

Selectively permeable membrane that separates a cells contents from the surrounding environment and regulates passage in and out of the cell

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9
Q

Plasmid

A

Circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotic cytoplasm

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10
Q

Plasmodesma plural- plasmodesmata

A

In plants

Cytoplasmic connections through the cell wall enable communication and transport between cells

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11
Q

Plasmolysis

A

Shrinkage of algal or plant cytoplasm that occurs when water leaves the cell by osmosis

Central vacuole decreases in volume and plasma membrane no longer presses against the cell wall

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12
Q

Plastid

A

Family of membrane bound organelles found in plant cells. Including chloroplasts chromoplasts and leucoplasts

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13
Q

Ploidy

A

Number of sets of chromosomes in a cell. Ex. Diploid =2n

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14
Q

Polygenetic inheritance

A

Phenotypic traits that involve contributions from the alleles of several or many genes at multiple locations on the chromosome

Particularly with an additive affect

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15
Q

Polymerase chain reaction
PCR

A

Technique used to rapidly make many copies of a DNA molecule or part of a DNA molecule

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16
Q

Primer

A

Short segments of synthetic single stranded DNA necessary for the initiation of DNA replication in PCR

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17
Q

Prokaryotic

A

Cell or organism that lacks membrane bound organelles and a true nucleus

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18
Q

Prothallus

A

In ferns

Refers to the small heart shaped gametophyte

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19
Q

Pseudopodium

A

Temporary cellular extensions produced by amoeba and related genera which allow the organism to move and feed

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20
Q

Pyrenoid

A

Structure associated with the chloroplast of some algae

Site where the sugar produced by photosynthesis is converted to starch for storage purposes

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21
Q

Ratio

A

Proportion of one thing to another

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22
Q

Recessive

A

An allele not expressed phenotypically unless homozygous

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23
Q

Recognition site

A

A DNA sequence that is recognized by a restriction enzyme

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24
Q

Recombinant DNA

A

DNA molecule carrying genes derived from two or more sources (ex. 2 species)

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25
Recombinant gametes
In a test cross. The gametes that are a result of crossing over/ recombination between the parental gametes (not the parental gametes) Produced less frequently than parental gametes
26
Replicated chromosome
Chromosome that has 2 identical duster chromatids Resulting from DNA replication in the S stage of the cell cycle
27
Restriction digest
1st step in restriction fragment analysis In which the restriction enzyme is incubated with a sample to cut the dna into fragments, with size and number determined by restriction sites present
28
Restriction enzyme
An enzyme such as EcoRI that recognizes specific dna sequences and cleaves the DNA molecule at this recognition site
29
Restriction fragment analysis
Comparison of nucleotide sequences of different amplifies dna sequences using several restriction enzymes that cut the dna at different recognition sites
30
Rhizoid
In some plants. Hair like structure involved in water absorption and anchoring the plant
31
Rhizome
Horizontal stem that grows below ground
32
Ribosome
Structure made up of rRNA and protein Found in cytoplasm. Synthesises protein
33
Roots
A structure that anchors some plants while absorbing water and nutrients
34
Rough ER
Part of the ER studded with ribosomes Plays a key role in initial synthesis and sorting or proteins for export
35
S phase
Middle step of interphase During which DNA synthesis and replication occurs
36
Secretory vesicle
Vesicle that functions in secreting substances such as proteins and lipids
37
Sex chromosomes
Distinctive pair of chromosomes that are different in men and women
38
Sex linked gene
Gene found on sex chromosomes. Typically refers to genes found on the x not y
39
Smooth ER
No ribosomes Functions in lipid synthesis and modification Detoxification of drugs and alcohol Ca2+ storage and glycogen breakdown
40
Solute
Substance dissolved in lqiuid
41
Sperm
Motile gamete produced by male reproductive organs Antheridia in plants Testes in animals
42
Spindle microtubules
Microtubules that form during cell division which bind to and move sister chromatids
43
Sporangium (sporangia)
In plants. Fern Diploid structure involved which haploid spores are produced by meiosis
44
Spore
In plants Haploid reproductive cell produced by meiosis
45
Sporocytes
Cell inside a sporangium that undergo meiosis to produce haploid spores
46
Sporophytes
Multicellular diploid generation in the life cycle of the fern Produces haploid sprites by meiosis
47
Starch grain
Produced by leucoplast Functions in storage of starch
48
Stoma (stomata)
In plant epidermis The pore between guard cells through which gas exchange occurs
49
Striation
Ridged/ lined structure resulting from the layered deposition of starch in starch grains
50
Taq polymerase
Heat stable form of DNA polymerase that assembles DNA nucleotides into polynucleotides using a pre existing strand of DNA as a template Used in PCR
51
Test cross
Mating between individual of unkown genotype for a particular characteristic and an individual that homozygous recessive for that characteristic
52
Tetras
Paired set of homologous chromosomes each made up of 2 sister chromatids closely associated at the centromeres. Formed during prophase 1 of meiosis
53
Thermal cycles
Machine used to raise and lower temperatures of dna sample for PCR
54
Thylakoid membrane
In plants and algal protists Arrangement of flattened membranes in the chloroplast that contain chlorophyll Site where light dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur
55
Transgenic organism
Organism that has acquired genes from another source through artificial molecular technique
56
Turbot pressure
Hydrostatic pressure that increases as water enters the pant cells by osmosis bc cell walls restrict the expansion of the cell
57
Unicellular
Organism or part of an organism containing only 1 cell
58
Vesicle
Small membrane bound structure found within eukaryotic cells May contain macromolecules (proteins and lipids) for storage. Transport or secretion
59
Well
In gel electrophoresis Small slot or hole at the negative end of the agarose gel into which sample are loaded
60
Zygote
Diploid cell formed when 2 gametes fuse
61
What is the cell called for electrophoresis
Agarose gel
62

Bio Lab 120 (2 decks)

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