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OMF Radiology 2020 > 2/14/17 Lecture #4 > Flashcards

2/14/17 Lecture #4 Flashcards

1
Q

What are three things used to capture radiographic images?

A
  • Digital sensor
  • Film
  • Phosphor plate
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2
Q

What are the two things that film is composed of?

A
  • Emulsion

- Base

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3
Q

What is the working part of the emulsion in film?

A

-Silver halide grains

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4
Q

What does the emulsion of film coat?

A

-Both sides of base

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5
Q

What are the two parts that the emulsion consists of?

A
  • Silver halide grains

- Suspension vehicle

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6
Q

When a silver halide crystal is chemically altered when struck by an x-ray photon it creates what type of image?

A

-Latent image

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7
Q

What type of exposure is associated with intraoral films?

A

-Direct exposure

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8
Q

What are three things that sheet films are used for?

A
  • Panographic
  • TMJ
  • Cephalometric
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9
Q

What does the indirect sheet film use to get exposed?

A

-Intensifying screen

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10
Q

Where do you put the dot found on the film packet?

A

-Towards the occlusal surface in PAs

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11
Q

What color of the film packet should be oriented toward the source of the radiation?

A

-Plain side

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12
Q

The bump found on the x-ray film is raised towards what?

A

-Source of radiation

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13
Q

When films are mounted the bumps are facing what?

A

-The person viewing the film

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14
Q

Intraoral film size 0 is used for what?

A

-Pedo

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15
Q

Intraoral film size 1 is used for what?

A

-Adult anterior

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16
Q

Intraoral film size 2 is used for what?

A

-Adult posterior

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17
Q

Intraoral film size 3 is used for what?

A

-Long posterior

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18
Q

Intraoral film size 4 is used for what?

A

Occlusal

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19
Q

The ____ the crystals of silver halide the ______ the film speed

A
  • Larger

- Faster

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20
Q

What is the slowest film?

A

-C

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21
Q

What is the fastest film?

A

-F

22
Q

If you have larger crystals that give faster film do you have higher or lower resolution?

A

-Lower

23
Q

What type of screen do cassettes contain?

A

-Intensifying screens

24
Q

What is the purpose of intensifying screens?

A

-Lowers the amount of radiation to expose film

25
Q

Do you get decreased in or increased definition when you use intensifying screens?

A

-Decreased definition

26
Q

Radiographic density on film is determined by what?

A

-How many photons strike the film emulsion

27
Q

What do grids do?

A

-Reduce scatter radiation

28
Q

What process of developing film is when it converts exposed silver halide crystals (latent image) to metallic silver grains?

A

-Developer

29
Q

After you have sent the film through the developer what is the next step?

A

-Wash for 30 seconds and removes developer

30
Q

What process of developing film is: removes undeveloped silver halide crystals, hardens and shrinks emulsion?

A

Fixer

31
Q

After you have used fixer in the developing process what is the next step?

A

-Wash to remove fixer

32
Q

After washing to remove the fixer what is the final step in film development?

A

-Drying to allow the film to be safe to handle and archive

33
Q

T/F For every 10 degrees celsius increases in temperature the rate of reaction doubles in film development

A

True

34
Q

If you have 68 degrees while developing and it takes 5 minutes to develop how long will it take at 78 degrees?

A

2 1/2 minutes

35
Q

T/F Lower patient exposure is an advantage of digital

A

True

36
Q

What type of digital sensor connects directly to a computer and provides immediate images?

A

-Direct

37
Q

What type of digital sensor is a reusable phosphor plate that is used instead of film.

A

-Indirect

38
Q

What are three types of digital sensors?

A
  • PSP
  • CCD
  • CMOS
39
Q

What format do most digital units acquire and store the electronic data?

A

-DICOM (Digital Image and Communication in Medicine)

40
Q

How many shades of gray can the human eye detect?

A

60 shades

41
Q

How many shades of gray can computer monitors display?

A

-256 shades

42
Q

What type of resolution is the ability to distinguish different densities in an image?

A

-Contrast Resolution

43
Q

What type of resolution is the ability to distinguish fine detail in an image and is usually measured by ability to distinguish individual line pairs?

A

-Spatial resolution

44
Q

T/F Spatial resolution is theoretically better than digital images

A

True

45
Q

What term describes the ability to capture a range of exposures, for example, the ability to capture subtle differences in tissue density from gingiva to enamel?

A

-Sensor latitiude

46
Q

What has greater sensor latitude than other sensors or films?

A

-PSP

47
Q

What is sensor sensitivity?

A

-The ability to respond to small amounts of radiation

48
Q

How do sensors work?

A

-The X-ray photons are converted to visible light as they hit the CsI scintillator

49
Q

In sensors when light photons hits the silicon layer what happens?

A

-Release electrons

50
Q

Analog to digital conversion takes place as the _____ charge is removed and the electrons pass through the embedded circuit before returning to the silicon layer.

A

Positive

OMF Radiology 2020 (7 decks)

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