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Milady > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

maxillae bones

A

two bones that form the upper jaw

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2
Q

venules

A

small veins that connect the capillaries to larger veins

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3
Q

lymph nodes

A

glandlike structures that filter bacteria, viruses, and cancer cells and are connected by lymph vessels

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4
Q

motor nerves

A

also known as efferent nerves; carry impulses from the brain to the muscles or glands; these transmitted impulses produce movement

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5
Q

skeletal system

A

forms the physical foundation of the body and iscomposed of 206 bones that vary in size and shape; connected by movable and immovable joints

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6
Q

temporalis

A

located near the temple that opens and closes the jaw

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7
Q

metatarsals

A

five long, slender bones, similar to the metacarpal bones of the hand

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8
Q

glands

A

produce and release substances that perform a specific function in the body

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9
Q

arterioles

A

small arteries that deliver blood to capillaries

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10
Q

abductor hallucis

A

foot muscle that moves the big toe away from the other toes

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11
Q

frontal bone

A

bone that forms the forehead

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12
Q

spinal cord

A

is the portion of the central nervous system that originates in the brain and extends down to the bottom of the spine

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13
Q

tibia

A

also called the shinbone, it’s the larger of the two leg bones below the knee on the big toe side that supports most of the body’s weight

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14
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

foot muscle that flexes the toes and helps maintain balance while walking and standing

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15
Q

corrugator

A

small muscle located between the eyebrows just below the frontalis;draws the eyebrow down and wrinkles the forehead vertically

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16
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

foot muscle that allows the little toe to flex and move

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17
Q

catabolism

A

process of breaking complex molecules down into simple molecules; releases energy

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18
Q

trapezius

A

muscle that covers the back of the neck and upper and middle regions of the back; lifts and turns the head, raises the shoulders, and controls swinging movements of the arm

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19
Q

tissue

A

group of similar cells that perform a specific function

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20
Q

nucleus

A

specialized structure at the center of the cell; controls growth and reproduction of the cell and contains the cell’s genetic material

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21
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

muscle that extends the big toe and flexes the foot

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22
Q

endocrine glands

A

also known as ductless glands; include the pituitary, thyroid, and adrenal glands, as well as other glands that release hormones directly into the bloodstream

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23
Q

mentalis

A

muscle at the tip of the chin that elevates the lower lip and raises and wrinkles the skin of the chin

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24
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

system that takes oxygen-poor blood to the lungs for oxygenation and waste removal then returns that blood to the heart (left atrium) so oxygen-rich blood can be delivered to the body

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25
Q

external jugular vein

A

located at the side of the neck, it carries blood returning to the heart from the head, face, and neck

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26
Q

parietal bones

A

two bones that form the sides and top of the cranium

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27
Q

bicep

A

muscle that produces the contour of the front and inner side of the upper arm; lifts the forearm and flexes the elbow

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28
Q

belly

A

middle part of the muscle

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29
Q

nasal bones

A

two bones that form the bridge of the nose

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30
Q

circulatory system

A

also known as cardiovascular system or vascular system, controls the body’s steady circulation through the heart and blood vessels

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31
Q

cytoplasm

A

watery fluid that surrounds the nucleus; provides structure for cell parts to move within the cell membrane; enzymes in the cytoplasm help digest and break down other molecules for food

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32
Q

blood

A

fluid that travels through the circulatory system to supply oxygen and nutrients to cells and tissues and to remove carbon dioxide and waste from them

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33
Q

lymph

A

clear or pale yellow fluid that contains white blood cells and travels through lymph vessels

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34
Q

pronator

A

muscle that turns the hand inward so the palm faces downward

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35
Q

buccinator

A

muscle of the cheek between the upper and lower jaw that compresses the cheeks and expels air between the lips

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36
Q

integumentary system

A

body system consisting of skin and its accessory organs, such as the oil and sweat glands, sensory receptors, hair, and nails, it serves as a protective covering and helps regulate the body’s temperature

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37
Q

exocrine glands

A

also known as duct glands; include the sebaceous and sudoriferous glands, as well as others, and produce a substance that travels through small tubelike ducts

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38
Q

heart

A

muscular, cone-shaped organ that keeps the blood moving within the circulatory system

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39
Q

common carotid arteries

A

main arteries on both sides of the neck that supply blood to the head, face, and neck

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40
Q

extensors

A

muscles that extend and straighten joints such as the wrist, hand, and fingers to form a straight line

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41
Q

occipital bone

A

located below the parietal bones forming the back of the skull above the nape

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42
Q

tarsals

A

seven irregularly shaped bones in the ankle area including the talus, calcaneus (heel), navicular, cuboid, and three cuneiform bones

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43
Q

levator anguli oris

A

muscle that raises the angle of the mouth and draws it inward

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44
Q

opponens

A

muscle that allows the thumb to be moved toward a finger of the same hand

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45
Q

anabolism

A

process of simple molecules combining to form a complex molecule; requires energy

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46
Q

ethmoid bone

A

seperates nasal cavity from the brain

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47
Q

nerve tissue

A

carries messages to and from the brain and controls and coordinates all bodily functions

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48
Q

sternocleidomastoideus

A

neck muscle that lowers and rotates the head; originates at the clavicle and inserts at the temporal bone near the ear

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49
Q

autonomic nervous system (ANS)

A

part of the nervous system that controls involuntary muscle action and regulates the action of the smooth muscles, glands, blood vessels, heart and breathing

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50
Q

phalanges

A

also known as digits; bones of the fingers or toes; there are twenty-eight in the fingers (three in each finger and two in each thumb); there are fourteen in the toes (two in each big toe and three in each smaller toe)

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51
Q

masseter

A

originates at the lower part of the zygomatic; moves the mandible, causing the mouth to close

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52
Q

fibula

A

located on the little-toe side of the lower leg; smaller of the two leg bones below the knee

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53
Q

external carotid artery

A

supplies blood to the anterior parts of the scalp, ear, face, neck, and sides of the head

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54
Q

brain

A

one of the body’s most complex organs that controls all the body’s functions

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55
Q

cervical vertebrae

A

seven bones located below the skull; provide support, structure and flexibility to the neck

56
Q

supinator

A

Forearm muscle that rotates the radius outward and the palm upward

57
Q

joint

A

connection between two or more bones

58
Q

metacarpus

A

five bones, or metacarpals, of the palm located between the carpus and phalanges

59
Q

body systems

A

also known as systems; groups of body organs acting together to perform one or more functions

60
Q

metabolism

A

chemical process by which cells convert nutrients to energy

61
Q

flexor

A

extensor muscle of the wrist involved in flexing or bending itit

62
Q

myology

A

study of the structure, functions, and diseases of the muscular system

63
Q

organs

A

groups of specialized tissues designed to perform specific functions

64
Q

deltoid

A

large, triangular muscle covering the shoulder joint that allows the arm to extend outward and to the side of the body

65
Q

capillaries

A

tiny blood vessels that connect the smaller arteries to the venules, bring nutrients to the cells, and carry away waste materials

66
Q

gastrocnemius

A

muscle attached to the lower rear surface of the heel that pulls the foot down

67
Q

epicranius

A

broad muscle that covers the top of the skull and consists of the occipitalis and frontalis; also called occipitofrontalis

68
Q

systemic circulation

A

system that carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart throughout the body and returns oxygen-poor blood back to the heart; also known as general circulation

69
Q

scapula

A

also called the shoulder blade; large, flat, triangular bone of the shoulder; there are two scapulae

70
Q

cell membrane

A

thin layer of tissue that surrounds the cell; it protects the interior of the cell from its surroundings and is semipermeable, meaning it allows certain substances to enter the cell

71
Q

extensor digitorum longus

A

muscle that bends the foot up and extends the toes

72
Q

protoplasm

A

makes up a cell; contains nutrients, mineral salts, and water

73
Q

muscle tissue

A

contracts and moves various parts of the body

74
Q

levator palpebrae superioris

A

thin muscle that controls the movement of the eyelid

75
Q

peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

system of nerves connecting the peripheral (outer) parts of the body to the central nervous system; has both sensory and motor nerves, carries impulses to and from the CNS

76
Q

zygomaticus major

A

muscle that extends from the zygomatic bone to the angle of the mouth; directs the lip outward and upward when laughing or smiling

77
Q

procerus

A

muscle that covers the bridge of the nose, lowers the eyebrows, and causes wrinkles across the bridge of the nose

78
Q

epicranial aponeurosis

A

tendon that connects the occipitalis and frontalis muscles

79
Q

tibialis anterior

A

muscle covering the front of the shin that bends the foot upward and inward

80
Q

zygomaticus minor

A

muscle that works with the zygomaticus major to make facial expressions

81
Q

muscular system

A

body system that covers and holds the skeletal system in place and moves various body parts

82
Q

platysma

A

broad muscle extending from the pectoral and deltoid muscles to the side of the chin; responsible for lowering the lower jaw and lip

83
Q

lacrimal bones

A

two small, thin bones located in the front inside wall of the eye sockets (orbits)

84
Q

mastication

A

medical term for chewing

85
Q

skull

A

skeleton of the head; divided into two parts called the cranium and facial skeleton

86
Q

neurology

A

study of the structure, function, and pathology of the nervous system

87
Q

risorius

A

muscle at the corner of the mouth that draws it out and back, as when grinning

88
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A

foot muscle that moves the little toe

89
Q

temporal bones

A

two bones forming the sides of the head in the ear region

90
Q

aorta

A

largest artery in the body

91
Q

internal carotid artery

A

supplies blood to the brain, eyes, eyelids, forehead, nose, and internal ear internal jugular vein located at the side of the neck to collect blood from the brain and parts of the face and neck

92
Q

mandible

A

largest and strongest bone of the face that forms the lower jaw

93
Q

patella

A

also known as kneecap; forms the kneecap joint

94
Q

orbicularis oculi

A

ring muscle of the eye socket that closes the eyelids and assists in pumping tears

95
Q

cells

A

basic units of all living things

96
Q

ulna

A

inner and larger bone in the forearm located on the side of the little finger

97
Q

radius

A

smaller bone in the forearm on the same side as the thumb

98
Q

sensory nerves

A

also known as afferent nerves, they carry messages from the sense organs (heat, cold, sight, sound, smell, taste) to the brain and spinal cord

99
Q

talus

A

also called the ankle bone; located between the heel, tibia, and fibula

100
Q

levator labii superioris

A

muscle that surrounds and elevates the upper lipand dilates the nostrils, as when expressing distaste

101
Q

arteries

A

thick-walled flexible tubes that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the arterioles

102
Q

lymphatic system

A

body system that helps defend against infection and includes lymph, lymph nodes, thymus gland, spleen, and lymph vessels

103
Q

hyoid bone

A

U-shaped bone at the base of the tongue that supports it and its muscles; the only bone of the throat

104
Q

abductors

A

muscles that draw a body part away from the midline of the body;separate the fingers in the hand

105
Q

connective tissue

A

fibrous tissue that binds and supports other body tissues and organs

106
Q

nervous system

A

well organized body system composed of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves; controls and coordinates all other body systems

107
Q

peroneus longus

A

muscle that covers the outer side of the calf, inverts the foot, and turns it outward

108
Q

tricep

A

large muscle covering the entire back of the upper arm that extends the forearm and straightens the elbow

109
Q

occipitalis

A

back (posterior) portion of the epicranius; muscle that draws the scalp backward

110
Q

cranium

A

oval, bony case consisting of eight bones that protect the brain

111
Q

soleus

A

muscle that originates at the upper portion of the fibula and bends the foot down

112
Q

epithelial tissue

A

provides a covering that protects the body and is found within many parts of the body such as skin, mucous membranes, digestive and respiratory organs, the lining of the mouth, the lining of the heart, and the glands

113
Q

insertion

A

movable part of the muscle anchored to the bone; attached farthest from the skeleton

114
Q

zygomatic bones

A

also known as cheekbones or malar bones (may-lur bohns); they form the prominence of the cheeks and the outer part of the eye socket

115
Q

adductors

A

muscles that draw a body part toward the midline of the body; draw the fingers together in the hand

116
Q

veins

A

thin-walled blood vessels that are less elastic than arteries and carry blood containing waste products to the heart and lungs for cleaning and to pick up oxygen; contain cuplike valves that keep blood flowing in one direction to the heart and prevent blood from flowing backward

117
Q

osteology

A

the study of bones

118
Q

endocrine system

A

body system consisting of a group of specialized glands that control the growth, development, reproduction, and health of the entire body

119
Q

mitosis

A

process of cell reproduction that occurs when the cell divides into two identical daughter cells

120
Q

carpus

A

also known as the wrist; flexible joint composed of eight small, irregular bones called carpals

121
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

controls voluntary muscle actions and consists of the brain, spinal cord, spinal nerves, and cranial nerves

122
Q

reflex

A

automatic reaction that involves sending an impulse from a sensory receptor along the sensory nerve to the spinal cord

123
Q

clavicle

A

also known as collarbone, it joins the sternum and scapula

124
Q

hormones

A

chemical substances such as insulin, adrenaline, and estrogen that stimulate activities in the body

125
Q

anatomy

A

also called gross anatomy, is the study of human body structures, how the body parts are organized, and the science of the interconnected structure of organisms, or of their parts.

126
Q

blood vessels

A

tubelike structures that circulate blood throughout the body including arteries, arterioles, capillaries, venules, and veins

127
Q

orbicularis oris

A

muscle that circles the mouth andcontracts, puckers, and wrinkles the lips

128
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

muscle that surrounds and lowers the lower lip and draws it to one side, as when expressing sarcasm; also known as quadratus labii inferioris

129
Q

frontalis

A

front (anterior) portion of the epicranius; scalp muscle that raises the eyebrows, draws the scalp forward, and causes wrinkles across the forehead

130
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions and activities performed by the body’s structures

131
Q

triangularis

A

muscle at the corner of the lip that extends over the chin and pulls down the corners of the mouth when frowning

132
Q

nerves

A

whitish bundles of nerve fibers that transmit impulses

133
Q

origin

A

part of the muscle that does not move and is anchored to the bone; attached closest to the skeleton

134
Q

peroneus brevis

A

muscle that originates on the lower surface of the fibula and bends the foot down and out

135
Q

humerus

A

uppermost and largest bone in the arm, extending from the elbow to the shoulder

136
Q

sphenoid bone

A

forms base and sides of the skull

137
Q

facial skeleton

A

framework of the face; composed of 14 bones

Milady (9 decks)

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