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Test 9 > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q
  1. Mutations can change allele frequencies. A typical gene mutates once every (number) cell divisions. Fill in the blank.
A

100,000

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2
Q
  1. How are mutations and evolution related?
A

Mutations are the genetic mechanisms that is allowing for evolution to occur,

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3
Q
  1. What is the definition of gene flow?
A

The movement of allele from one population to another

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4
Q
  1. Why is gene flow important?
A

It helps to improve genetic diversity.

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5
Q
  1. What is the definition of assortative mating?
A

Phenotypically similar individuals mate, a type of nonrandom mating, and causes more homozygous offspring

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6
Q
  1. What does assortative mating result in phenotypically?
A

A homozygous population

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7
Q
  1. What is the definition of disassortative mating?
A

Phenotypically different individuals mate more often, random mating

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8
Q
  1. What does disassortative mating result in phenotypically?
A

A heterozygous population

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9
Q
  1. What is the definition of genetic drift?
A

change allele frequencies in a population

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10
Q
  1. How can genetic drift change the genetic frequencies of a small or large population?
A

Small population: will affect frequencies of a particular allele heavily

Big population: wont be affected much

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11
Q
  1. According to the video Genetic Drift, what is the difference between genetic drift and natural selection?
A

In genetic drift, everything is random.
In natural selection, organisms have traits that can result in high fitness & they can pass those alleles to their offspring.

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12
Q
  1. Which statement describes a bottleneck effect?
A

So few individuals form the next generation (from being wiped out), a complete change in frequencies

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13
Q
  1. How can a bottleneck effect change the alleles of a population?
A

The allele frequencies can change and possibly make them disappear

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14
Q
  1. According to the video Speciation, how can natural selection bring about speciation?
A

it can occur when populations are reproductively isolated in some form

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15
Q
  1. According to the video Speciation, which statement accurately describes (a) allopatric speciation or (b) sympatric speciation?
A
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16
Q
  1. Three conditions exist for natural selection to occur. Which statement does not describe one of these conditions?
A
  • Variation must exist among individuals
  • Must result in differences in the number of offspring surviving in the next generation
  • Variation must be genetically inherited
17
Q
  1. Which is not one of the five agents responsible for evolutionary change?
A
  • mutation
  • non-random mating
  • gene flow
  • finite population size (genetic drift)
  • natural selection
18
Q
  1. What is the definition of classification?
A

How species are grouped based on the taxonomic hierarchy

19
Q
  1. What is the definition of taxonomy?
A

Taxonomy - the naming and classification of species

20
Q
  1. According to the video Classification, which person gets credit for first creating this taxonomy (classification) system?
A

Carl Linnaeus

21
Q
  1. Which statement does not describe the rules to naming an organism scientifically?
A

Dear King Paramecium Cares Only For Green Spirulina

22
Q
  1. What is the proper order of a taxonomic hierarchy?
A

Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species

23
Q
  1. What is the definition of systematics?
A

The reconstruction and study of evolutionary relationships

24
Q
  1. What is the definition of phylogeny?
A

Similarities and differences between species and than forming a tree

25
Q
  1. Which of these organisms are (a) most closely related and (b) least closely related? (I will give a picture of a phylogenetic tree if chosen)
A

just look at what is close?

26
Q
  1. Regarding cladistics, one must distinguish a similarity that is inherited from a common ancestor of an entire group, and is called __________ similarities, from similarities that arose within the group and this is termed __________. Fill in the blanks.
A
  1. insesterol
  2. derived
27
Q
  1. Which statement describes cladistics?
A

Distinguishes similarities that is inherited from common ancestor of an entire group

28
Q
  1. In order to create a cladogram, one must analyze different _____________ which can be varying phenotypes, morphology, physiology, behavior, and DNA. Fill in the blank.
A

characters

29
Q
  1. What is a cladogram?
A

Depict the hypothesis of the evolutionary relationships

30
Q
  1. A derived character shared by clade members is called a _____________. Fill in the blank.
A

synapomorphy

31
Q
  1. Which of these organisms are (a) most closely related and (b) least closely related? (I will give a picture of a cladogram if chosen)
A

just see what is closer

Test 9 (4 decks)

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