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Question 1

1. What is the definition of evolution?

Answer 1

A change in genetic frequencies

Question 2

2. What is the definition of natural selection? (our class definition)

Answer 2

The mechanism of evolution and how it occurs

Question 3

3. Which statement does not describe the natural selection example discussed in class (the one about the black and brown mice)?

Answer 3

Not always genetics, natural selection can happen through predators and “survival of the fittest”.

You will have more black mice because it is harder to see black mice on the landscape rather than the brown mice.

Question 4

4. According to the video Natural Selection, if there are organisms which are considered the same species, which statement describes one of the things they can do?

Answer 4

they can breed with each other and they pass down their DNA to their offspring

Question 5

5. According to the video Natural Selection, what does fitness mean in the biological sense?

Answer 5

how many offspring they have.

Question 6

6. What is artificial selection?

Answer 6

When humans pick the genes they want expressed

Question 7

7. Fossils provide direct evidence of evolution. How does one make a fossil?

Answer 7

First, the organisms has to be buried in sediment
Second, the calcium in the bone or other hard tissues must mineralize
Third, the surrounding sediment will have to eventually harden to form a rock
This usually has to be applied under a great deal of pressure

Question 8

8. What is a difference between relative and absolute dating of fossils?

Answer 8

Relative Dating - looking at rock positions
Absolute Dating - looking at radioactive decay of something over a period of time
(it can be calculated)

Question 9

9. What is the definition of a homologous structure?

Answer 9

Structures with different appearances and functions that all derive from the same body part in a common ancestor

Question 10

10. Anatomical evidence for evolution is extensive and persuasive. How do the presence of homologous structures on certain species support this statement?

Answer 10

We are deuterostomes, an embryonic structure

Question 11

11. What is the definition of a vestigial structure?

Answer 11

A body part or structure that is no longer used by an organism and can be explained as a holdover from the past

Question 12

12. Which statement describes an examples of a vestigial structure?

Answer 12

The pelvic bone of the whales is also present in humans and other mammals. Although this is true, in many mammals such as whales, this bone is not useful, nor used at all.

Question 13

13. According to the video Molecular Evolution: Genes and Proteins, when scientists compare the entire genome of backer’s yeast and a worm, what did they find?

Answer 13

They found that yeast had similar genetic sequence

Question 14

14. According to the video Molecular Evolution: Genes and Proteins, how can the genome of cytochrome C tell us how organisms are related?

Answer 14

The mutations tell the geology of the owners. For example, humans and chimps have exactly the same amino acid sequence through this

Question 15

15. What is a difference between= convergent and divergent evolution?

Answer 15

Convergent Evolution - occurs when species have different ancestral origins but have developed similar features because they’re living in a similar location

Divergent Evolution - occurs when two separate species evolve differently from a common ancestor

Question 16

16. Which statement describes an example of convergent evolution?

Answer 16

Sharks, corpus, tunas, dolphins

• All contain fish
• They are streamlined to move through water
• They are not closely related; they just have similarities

Question 17

17. Which statement describes an example of divergent evolution?

Answer 17

Darwin’s finches in the Galapagos.
Only one finch species came to the Galapagos & overtime by random chance they ended with about 20 different species of finch

Question 18

18. Which statement accurately describes the current theories for where life originated on earth four billion years ago?

Question 19

19. Which theory is regarded as the most viable (currently) for where and how life originated on Earth? Why?

Question 20

20. What is the definition of a mass extinction?

Answer 20

You have an extremely large decline in species

Question 21

21. Which of these is not a mass extinction which occurred in the past?

Answer 21

• Ordovician-silurian Extinction
• Devonian Extinction
• Permian-triassic Extinction
• Triassic-jurassic Extinction
• Cretaceous-tertiary Extinction

Question 22

22. The most severe extinction occurred at the end of the ___________ period approximately 250 million years ago (96-98% of all plant and animals went extinct). Fill in the blank.

Answer 22

Permian

Question 23

23. We are currently in the sixth mass extinction called the ________________. Fill in the blank.

Answer 23

Anthropocene