2 Flashcards
Cattle belong to the family
Bovidae
Cattle belong to the family Bovidae which is sub-divided into two subgroups:
Bos Taurus and
Bos Indicus.
cattle have no hump
Bos Taurus
possesses humps
Bos indicus
cattle are the types of cattle found in the temperate regions of the world
Bos Taurus
are found
mostly in the tropics
Bos Indicus
Those specifically
bred for milk production are called
Dairy cattle
while those for meat are called
Beef cattle
originated in the County of Ayr in Scotland, prior to 1800 and was regarded
as an established breed by 1812.
Ayshire breed
They are
known for low somatic cell counts, ability to convert grass into milk efficiently, and hardiness.
Ayshire
are also free of
genetic disease
Ayshire
Ayrshire milk is referred to as
The ideal drinking milk
cattle are the oldest of all dairy breeds.
Brown Swiss or Braunvieh cattle
Second largest cattle
Brown swiss
breed of cattle has evolved over the last two centuries, from Teeswater and
Durham cattle
Dairy Shorthorn
_________milk has the most favorable protein-fat ratio of
the dairy breeds.
Shorthorn
are known for their structural soundness and
longevity.
Shorthorn
breed traces directly to the original belted cattle which were
described in Switzerland and Austria.
Dutch Belted (Lakenvelder)
characteristics including fertility, longevity,
calving ease, udder health, milking speed, somatic cell count, and persistence.
Flechvieh
In the 18th century, herds of small black-and-white cattle were brought into northern Holland and
Friesland from northern Jutland to replace animals that had fallen victim to disease and flooding.
Friesian
animals were crossed with the existing Dutch cattle and formed the basis of the Friesian.
Friesian
Friesian mixing
The mixing of these two breeds is such that now many
Friesians are 25% to 75% Holstein.
s a renowned dairy breed with some outstanding examples of the breed having 12
to 15 lactations to their credit, emphasizing their inherent natural fecundity.
Friesian
s the ability of the male calf to finish and grade
satisfactorily, either in intensive systems, or as steers, extensively.
British Friesian
responsible
for 80% of milk produced in Brazil
Girolando
originated on the small Isle of Guernsey, situated in the English Channel just off
the coast of France. The _____ was first recorded as a separate breed around 1700
Guernsey
unique producer of rich yellow colored milk gave her the title “Golden Guernsey”.
Guernsey
breed originated in Europe.
Holstein
are large cattle with color patterns of black and
white or red and white.
Holstein
have the highest milk productions in the
world.
Holstein
have taken their name from the Australian aboriginal word for a piece of land 50
miles south of Sydney, land locked between the Pacific Ocean and what was once a near impenetrable
escarpment which rears abruptly to the west.
Illawarra
probably originated from the adjacent coast of France
Jersey
The domesticated fore-father of the Jersey came from Asia,
belonged in all probability to
Bos brachyceros
milk has greater nutritional value, plus the highest yield and greater efficiency when
processed into cheese and other value-added products.
Jersey
originated in the dry Punjab region which lies along the Indian-Pakistani border.
Sahiwal
Sahiwal They were once kept in large herds by professional herdsmen called
Junglies
one of the best dairy breeds in India and Pakistan.
Sahiwal
They are generally docile and lethargic, making them more useful for slow work.
Sahiwal
The Aberdeen Angus breed (or Angus) was developed in the early part of the 19th Century from
the polled and predominantly black cattle of North east Scotland known locally as
“doddies” and
“hummlies”
are now the most popular beef breed of cattle in the United States with 324,266
animals registered in 2005.
Black Angus
originates from the Auvergne in Southern France,
specifically a small town called Aubrac. The first cattle registered in the genealogic records of the breed
go back to 1894.
Aubrac
originates from France and the historic town of Bazas.
Bazadaise
is very much a superior beef breed renowned for its grass finishing ability, mobility,
extended muscle and ease of calving and gaining a worldwide reputation for the fine flavored low fat and
well marbled meat.
Bazadaise
which we know today, has evolved over the last two centuries,
from Teeswater and Durham cattle found originally in the North East of England.
Beef shorthorn
cattle originated in central and upper Belgium.
cattle are also known as Race de la Moyenne et Haute Belgique, Belgian BlueWhite, Belgian White and Blue Pied, Belgian White Blue, Blue, Blue Belgian.
Belgian Blue
Belgian Blue Beef is famous for its impressive muscling which is commonly referred to as
double muscling
was a composite breed using Africander and Hereford-Shorthorn (Bos taurus).
Rigid selection for the traits required has resulted in the evolution of a breed of “Australian Made” cattle
which has been remarkably successful when compared with older breeds and their crosses.
Belmont Red
The Belmont Red is phenotypically (and genetically) a
mix of
developed in eastern Africa, more specifically the Borana plateau in southern Ethiopia.
The genetic composition of the Kenyan Boran is unique.
Boran
was created to provide a consistent and efficient product for beef production.
Braford
breed originated from Bos indicus cattle from India, the “sacred cattle of India”.
Through centuries of exposure to inadequate food supplies, insect pests, parasites, diseases and the
weather extremes of tropical India, the native cattle developed some remarkable adaptations for survival.
Brahman
was created in the late 1970’s by Daryl Wiggins in Texas. The stock was cross
bred to Brahman cattle which achieved an F1 cross, and further crosses over a broader base led to the 5/8
to 3/8 purebred. Purebred Brahmousin are classified as 5/8 and 3/8 Brahman.
Brahmousin
breed was developed to utilize the superior traits of Angus and Brahman cattle.
Their genetics are stabilized at 3/8 Brahman and 5/8 Angus.
Brangus
was created in the USA in the 70’s when a successful cattleman called Russ Bueling
had the idea for a new breed that was belted and fit the requirements of the beef industry.
Buelingo
originated in Brazil around 1922 to improve Brazilian beef cattle breeding.
Canchim
originated in west-central to southeastern France, in the old French provinces of
Charolles and neighboring Nievre.
Charolais
are not related to the American or Texas Longhorn
whose ancestors came from Spain.
English Longhorns (also known as Longhorns)
originated in the three Franconian districts of Northern Bavaria,
in southern Germany.
Gelbvieh (pronounced Gel-fee)
in the West of the Massif Central between Central and South West France.
Limousin cattle evolved into a breed of unusual sturdiness, health and adaptability.
Since those early days the breed has developed from a working meat animal into a highly
specialized beef producing animal and are referred to as the “butcher’s animal” in France.
Limousine
originated in the county of Lincolnshire on the north-east coast of England.
Little is known about the history of Lincolnshire cattle until 1695 apart from the findings that their genetic
base goes back to Bos Urus cattle which were introduced to Britain by Scandinavian invaders between
449 and 660 A.D.
Lincoln Red
was born on the Thologolong property of Peter Sutherland in New South
Wales in 1905, to a light roan Shorthorn cow and an Aberdeen Angus bull.
Murray Grey
origins date back over 2000 years when the Aryan people brought the ancestors of
this breed to India.
Nelore
The Nelore origins date back over 2000 years when the Aryan people brought the ancestors of
this breed to India. These ancestors were called
Ongole
originated in the Centre of France, around the borders of Brittany to the Charente
Basin, it is said to be one of the oldest French breeds with records going back to the beginning of the
Century.
Parthenais
breed has the exact same origins of the Aberdeen Angus.
Red Angus
breed of cattle, named for the Spanish land grant where Captain Richard
King first established the King Ranch, were developed to thrive, prosper and gain weight on the native
grasses of the South Texas brush country.
Santa Gertrudis
were the result of a cross between large German cattle and a smaller breed
indigenous to Switzerland.
Simmental cattle
is a new breed from Australia that was created in the 1990’s by Rick
Pisaturo
Square Meaters
refers to all Japanese beef cattle (‘Wa’ means Japanese or japanese-style and
‘gyu’ means cattle). Cattle were first introduced into Japan in the 2nd century to provide power for the
cultivation of rice.
Wagyu
is a native British breed descended from cattle of Pre-Roman Britain in the
rough mountain and hill country of Wales.
Welsh Black
cattle originated in Southwest Asia and that their descendants were non-humped, they have
evolved from three breeds of Indian cattle.
Zebu
is a rare breed which originated in the Channel Islands off the coast of
Britain. The breed was developed from local breeds mated to Anglo-Nubian and Swiss breeds during a
period from 1920 to 1950.
Golden Guernsey
are derived from the Saanen breed which originated in Switzerland. They may be any
color or combination of colors except white or light cream. Sables are the result of the interaction of
recessive genes from the sire and from the dam.
Sable goats
goat originated in the Saanen valley in the south of Canton Berne, Switzerland. In
1893, several thousand head were taken out of the valley and spread throughout Europe.
Saanen
is a breed of goat named after the region in Switzerland where the breed
originated, the Toggenburg Valley.
Toggenburg
originated in the Alps. They were brought to the United States from
France and were selected for much greater uniformity, size, and production than the goats that were taken
from Switzerland to France.
French - Alphine goat
Alpine colors are described by using the following terms:
This breed is thought to have descended from Spanish goats brought by early settlers to
California. The LaMancha dairy goat is born with its unique small ears. In fact, that is the distinguishing
feature of this breed.
LaMancha dairy goat
There are two types of LaMancha ears
gopher
ear and the elf ear
breed originated in England as a cross between the Old English Milch Goat
and the Zariby and Nubian bucks imported from India, Russia, and Egypt.
Anglo-Nubian
______sheep is a very important and popular breed of domestic sheep. It was originated in
Spain and it is highly prized for its wool. The Merino sheep is the foundation stock of many well-known
and modern sheep breeds.
Merino
sheep is from France. It is also known as the French Merino and the Rambouillet
Merino. In the year of 1786, development of this breed started when Louis XVI purchased over 300
Spanish Merinos.
Rambouillet
sheep is a dual-purpose breed of domestic sheep which is valued for both meat and
wool production. It was originated in the Cheviot Hills, on the border of England and Scotland.
Cheviot
sheep is a dual-purpose breed of domestic sheep from United Kingdom. It was
developed in southeastern England. The breed is historically one of the most important British sheep
breeds. It was consistent in qualities, and it was used in the development of several other sheep breeds,
including the Hampshire, Oxford and Shropshire.
Southdown
s a dual-purpose breed of domestic sheep originated from United
Kingdom. It was developed in 1767 in Northumberland, England.
Border Leicester sheep
Border Leicester sheep The variation in the breed resulted in the two being nicknamed as the
‘Bluecaps’ and the
‘Redlegs’.
is a dual-purpose breed of domestic sheep
originated from United Kingdom
Lincoln sheep (also known as Lincoln Longwool)
is a dual-purpose breed of domestic sheep which was developed in the
United States in the 1970s. Dr. Glenn Spurlock of Davis, California crossed Tunis sheep and Barbados
Blackbelly sheep for developing this breed in the early 1970s.
California Red sheep
is a breed of domestic sheep from United Kingdom. It is also known as
Dorset Horned or simply as Dorset.
Dorset Horn sheep
is a breed of domestic sheep from Germany.
East Friesian sheep
is a breed of domestic sheep from United Kingdom.
Hampshire sheep
a breed of domestic sheep from United States. It was actually
developed for meat production at the North Carolina State University Small Ruminant Unit in 1956.
Polled Dorset sheep
is a breed of domestic sheep originating in the county of Powys in Wales.
Kerry Hill sheep
is a breed of domestic sheep from United States. It was developed by
William Hoag at Dorpcroix Sheep Farm in Hermleigh, Texas.
Royal White sheep
is a breed of domestic sheep from United Kingdom.
Suffolk sheep
is a breed of domestic sheep from Netherlands. It was actually originated from
the island of Texel, the largest of the Wadden Island off the north coast of the Netherlands. Exact origin
of this breed is unknown, but it is thought to be a cross of multiple English sheep breeds.
Texel sheep
