1

Question 1

Ruminants include

Answer 1

cattle, sheep, goats, buffalo, deer, elk, giraffes and camels.

Question 2

These animals all
have a digestive system that is uniquely different from our own. Instead of one compartment to the
stomach they have four.

Answer 2

Ruminant

Question 3

is the largest section and the main digestive center.

Answer 3

Rumen

Question 4

he partially chewed grass goes into the large rumen where it is stored and broken down into
balls of

Answer 4

Cud

Question 5

When the animal has eaten its fill, it will rest and

Answer 5

“chew its cud”

Question 6

_____is then
swallowed once again where it will pass into the next three compartments

Answer 6

Cud

Question 7

The cud is then
swallowed once again where it will pass into the next three compartments?

Answer 7

he reticulum, the omasum
and the true stomach, the abomasum.

Question 8

At birth the first three
compartments of a calf’s stomach—

Answer 8

rumen, reticulum, and omasum

Question 9

are inactive and undeveloped

Answer 9

rumen, reticulum, and omasum

Question 10

Ruminant livestock include

Answer 10

cattle, sheep, and goats

Question 11

are hoofed mammals that have a
unique digestive system that allows them to better use energy from fibrous plant material than other
herbivores.

Answer 11

Ruminant

Question 12

The ruminant digestive system uniquely qualifies ruminants to efficiently use

Answer 12

high roughage
feedstuffs, including forages

Question 13

Anatomy of the ruminant digestive system includes the

Answer 13

mouth, tongue,
salivary glands (producing saliva for buffering rumen pH), esophagus, four-compartment stomach,
pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine, and large intestine.

Question 14

A ruminant uses its ____________ to harvest forages during grazing or to consume harvested
feedstuffs

Answer 14

Mouth and tongue

Question 15

Saliva aids in

Answer 15

chewing and swallowing, contains enzymes for breakdown of fat (salivary lipase)
and starch (salivary amylase), and is involved in nitrogen recycling to the rumen.

Question 16

__________most important
function is to buffer pH levels in the reticulum and rumen.

Answer 16

Saliva

Question 17

A mature cow produces up to

Answer 17

50 quarts of
saliva per day

Question 18

That bolus then moves from the mouth to the reticulum through a
tube-like passage called the

Answer 18

Esophagus

Question 19

True or false?
esophagus functions bidirectionally in ruminants, allowing them to regurgitate their cud for
further chewing, if necessary

Answer 19

True

Question 20

________ where forage and other feedstuffs are forced back to the mouth for further chewing and mixing with saliva. This cud is then
swallowed again and passed into the reticulum.

Answer 20

process of rumination or “chewing the cud”

Question 21

_______then
swallowed again and passed into the reticulum

Answer 21

Cud

Question 22

is home to a population of microorganisms (microbes or “rumen bugs”) that
include bacteria, protozoa, and fungi.

Answer 22

Reticulorumen

Question 23

The reticulum is called the

Answer 23

Honey comb

Question 24

appearance of its lining
(Figure 1.3). It sits underneath and toward the front of the rumen, lying against the diaphragm. Ingesta
flow freely between the reticulum and rumen.

Answer 24

Honeycomb

Question 25

is to collect smaller digesta particles and move them into the omasum, while the larger particles remain in the rumen for further digestion.

Answer 25

reticulum

Question 26

also traps and collects heavy/dense objects the animal consumes.

Answer 26

Reticulum

Question 27

The reticulum is sometimes referred to as the

Answer 27

“hardware stomach.”

Question 28

The rumen is sometimes called the

Answer 28

Paunch

Question 29

Rumen It is lined with papillae for nutrient absorption and divided by muscular pillars into the

Answer 29

dorsal, ventral, caudo-dorsal, and caudoventral sacs

Question 30

acts as a fermentation vat by hosting microbial fermentation. About 50 to 65 percent of starch and soluble sugar consumed is digested in the rumen.

Answer 30

Rumen

Question 31

The omasum is spherical and connected to the reticulum by a short tunnel. It is called the

Answer 31

“many plies” or the “butcher’s bible” in reference to the many folds or leaves that resemble pages of a book.

Question 32

is the “true stomach” of a ruminant. It is the compartment that is most similar to a stomach in a nonruminant.

Answer 32

Abomasum

Question 33

The abomasum produces

Answer 33

hydrochloric acid and digestive enzymes, such as pepsin (breaks down protein), and receives digestive enzymes secreted from the pancreas, such as pancreatic lipase (breaks down fats). These secretions help prepare proteins for absorption in the intestine

Question 34

The pH in the abomasum generally ranges from

Answer 34

3.5 to 4.0

Question 35

as further sites of nutrient absorption.

Answer 35

The small and large intestines follow the abomasum