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Equine 11th semester > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

1
Q

The medial aspect of the stifle joint is easily recognisable in this way:
● The medial eminence of the tibia is larger
● The medial eminence of the tibia is smaller
● The fibula is on the medial aspect
● The radius is placed laterally

A

● The medial eminence of the tibia is larger

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2
Q

Which statement is correct
● Parts of the supporting phase of the stride are: landing, loading, stance, breakover
● Parts of the supporting phase of the stride are: landing, stance, breakover, flexion,extention
● Phases of the breakover are: heel lift, solar lift, toe pivot
● None

A

● Parts of the supporting phase of the stride are: landing, loading, stance, breakover

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3
Q

Which statement is correct
● The cranial phase of the stride is longer in supporting limb lameness
● The orgin of the pain is usually located in the proximal area in spporting limblameness
● Both
● None

A

● The cranial phase of the stride is longer in supporting limb lameness

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4
Q

Which statement is correct
● stride is shortening in horses with navicular disease
● navicular disease is really uncommon in frisian horse
● none
● both

A

● both

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5
Q

Which statement is true for navicular disease?
● It can cause supporting limb lameness
● Worse in inside circle
● Both
● None

A

● Both

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6
Q

The uneven distribution of weight to another healthy limb in compulsatory lameness can be possible
● From a frontlimb to the contralateral front limb
● From a hindlimb to the ipsilateral frontlimb
● From a frontlimb to the contralateral hindlimb
● All of them can be possible

A

● From a frontlimb to the contralateral front limb

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7
Q

What to watch in hip in lameness diagnostics?

A

● Tuber sacrale

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8
Q

The most common site of a sub-chondral bone cyst in equine is:
● Medial femoral condyle
● Lateral femoral condyle
● Medial trochlea
● Lateral trochlea

A

● Medial femoral condyle (&distal MC III MT III)

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9
Q

Where can a Birkelund fracture be found in a horse?
● In the dorsal recess of the fetlock joint
● In the palmar/plantar recess of the fetlock joint
● In the dorsal recess of the…

A

● In the palmar/plantar recess of the fetlock join

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10
Q

What is typical for ulnar fracture in horse?
● Often becomes opened
● It can be cured with plate osteosynthesis, with good prognosis
● Always present with slight lameness
● The fracture never enters the elbow joint

A

● It can be cured with plate osteosynthesis, with good prognosis

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11
Q

Which statement is correct
● Mepivicain is less irritant than lidocaine
● Bupivacain har longer duration than mepivacaine
● Bupivacain has approx. 4 hours of duration
● All of them are correct

A

● All of them are correct

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12
Q

Which statement is correct
● The puncture site of the shoulder joint is between the cranial and caudal part of the major tubercle of the humerus, behind the infraspinatus muscle insertion
● The puncture site of the shoulder joint is between the cranial and caudal part of the major tubercle of the humerus, in front of infraspinatus muscle insertion
● Intraarticular analgesia of the shoulder needs min 40 ml anesthesia solution
● A and C are correct

A

● The puncture site of the shoulder joint is between the cranial and caudal part of the major tubercle of the humerus, in front of infraspinatus muscle insertion

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13
Q

Which protocol is used for stifle joint anesthesia in the horse
● Medial and lateral femorotibial joints, and femoropatellar joint, 20 ml in each
● Medial and lateral femorotibial joints, 20 ml in each
● Medial and lateral femoropatellar, and femorotibial joints, 20 ml in each
● Medial and lateral femoropatellar joints, 20 ml in each

A

● Medial and lateral femorotibial joints, and femoropatellar joint, 20 ml in each

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14
Q

The advised surgical treatment in the case of P1 communicating fracture is:
● Lag screw fixation
● Transfixation cast
● Plate osteosynthesis

A

● Lag screw fixation

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15
Q

What is blocked by palmar block?

A

This block provides analgesia to:
the back of the foot and includes the following areas:
the heel bulbs, frog, bars, navicular bone and bursa, palmar aspect of the coffin bone and joint, and part of the second phalanx (short pastern bone).

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16
Q

Which statement is correct
● The sites of the low palmar nerve block are at the level of the proximal sesamoids
● Low palmar block anesthetizes the navicular region and the DIPJ as well
● Low palmar block anesthetizes the distal (in the hoof capsule) DDFT lesions
● All of them are correct

A

● Low palmar block anesthetizes the distal (in the hoof capsule) DDFT lesions

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17
Q

Which amount of drug is used for tibial nerve block in the horse
● 3ml mepivacaine
● 5ml mepivacaine
● 10 ml mepivacaine
● 20 ml mepivacaine

A

● 20 ml mepivacaine

18
Q

Advised treatment for an injured podotrochlar bursa after ‘street nail’ puncture is:
● Bursoscopy through the distal tendon sheath
● Bursoscopy through the coffin joint

A

● Bursoscopy through the coffin joint

19
Q

In nail trip (‘Streetnail’) the treatment is:
● Removal of the nail quickly, antibiotic therapy, hoof bandage
● Removal of the nail quickly, antibiotics, tetanus antitoxin, hoof bandage
● LM X-ray to localize the nail, the therapy depends on the nail position and injured structures
● Every case needs tenoscopy

A

● LM X-ray to localize the nail, the therapy depends on the nail position
and injured structures

20
Q

Which structures is affected in a streetnail procedure?
● Bursa podotrochelaris, digital flexor tendon sheet
● Bursa podotrochlearis, digital flexor tendon sheet, distal interphalangeal joint
● Bursa podotrochlearis, digital flexor tendon sheet, distal interphalangeal joint,navicular bone
● Bursa podotrochlearis, digital flexor tendon sheet, distal interphalangeal joint, navicular bone, proximal interphalangeal joint

A

● Bursa podotrochlearis, digital flexor tendon sheet, distal interphalangeal joint,navicular bone

21
Q

What is the advised treatment for an injured podotrochlear bursa after ‚street nail’ puncture in a horse
● Bursoscopy through the distal tendon sheet
● Bursoscopy through the coffin joint
● Approach from the solar surface of the hoof
● Conservative treatment

A

● Bursoscopy through the coffin joint

22
Q

Which Statement is correct regarding screw psteosynthesis?
● Good for humeral condyle fractures
● Good for tibial oblique fractures
● Good for antebracial fractures
● Never good as a sole method

A

● Good for tibial oblique fractures

23
Q

Lameness due to podotrochleosis - what is true? (Navicular disease?)
● Worse when horse is walking in circles
● Cause opposite disease
● Hoof should be elevated 12-18°
● Cool down hoof might be beneficial

A

● Worse when horse is walking in circles
● Cause opposite disease

24
Q

What fracture can’t you splint in the horse?
● Tibial greenstick fracture
● Humeral spinal fracture
● Individual ulnar fracture
● MC3 multiple fracture

A

● Humeral spinal fracture

25
Q

In which case the conservative fracture treatment is not contraindicated
● Intraarticular fracture
● Salter-harris fracture
● Oblique fracture
● Fracture with massive dislocation

A

● Oblique fracture

26
Q

Which is the correct fixation method of radial fracture in horses
● A lateral fixation up to the shoulder joint
● A palmar light cast fixation
● Full limb light cast
● It doesnt need any special fixation

A

● A lateral fixation up to the shoulder joint

27
Q

When do you have to perform surgery on a pelvic fracture?
● Less than 1/3rd is narrowed
● Fractured behind the acetabulum
● Acetabulum is involved in the fracture
● Extensive soft tissue surgery

A

● Acetabulum is involved in the fracture
(acetabular fracture is absolute indication for surgery!)

28
Q

What is the skyline angle if you want to x-ray the 3rd carpal bone?

A

● 35°

29
Q

What is the goal of the Skyline view from the hock?
● To examine the lateral trochlea of the talus
● To examine the calcaneus and the sustentaculum tali
● To examine the medial malleolus
● To examine the distal intermediate ridge of the tibia

A

● To examine the calcaneus and the sustentaculum tali

30
Q

Which is the location of the most common OCD sites in the equine hock
● Medial malleolus of the distal tibia
● Lateral malleolus of the distal tibia
● Lateral trochlear ridge of the talus
● Distal intermediate ridge of the tibia

A

● Distal intermediate ridge of the tibia

31
Q

Which fracture can you not stabilise with a splint?

A

● Above elbow or stifle

32
Q

Which ligament is required in case of patellar luxation?
● Cranial cruciate ligament
● Patellar straight ligament
● Both of them
● None of them

A

● None of them

33
Q

Which statement is correct
● Palmar digital nerve block needs min. 2,5 ml anesthetic solution per side
● The dorsal wall of the hoof capsule will be anesthetized wit palmar digital block
● The sites of the palmar digital nerve block are medially from the hoof cartilages
● All of them are true

A

● The dorsal wall of the hoof capsule will be anesthetized wit palmar digital block

34
Q

Which statement is correct regarding acute laminitis in horses?
● In the categories by ‘Obel’ there are 4 grades to classify acute laminitis
● The acute laminitis is more common in the hindlimbs
● The corrective trimming and shoeing have great importance in the treatment of
peracute laminitis
● To trot on hard ground with a patient with acute laminitis is really useful

A

● In the categories by ‘Obel’ there are 4 grades to classify acute laminitis

35
Q

Which statement is correct
● Acute laminitis is always a secondary disease
● Acute laminitis is a common issue of endotoxemia in horses
● Both
● None

A

● Both

36
Q

Which characteristics are typical of the hoof capsule in chronic laminitis

A

● High heels, concave front wall, convex solar surface, widened white line (ORDER!)

37
Q

In peracute/acute laminitis what would you do?
● Ice shoes
● Correct shoes
● BOTH
● Neither

A

● BOTH

38
Q

What are the grades of Salter Harris?

A

SH-I: complete separation between epiphysis and metaphysis SH-II: fracture starts IN the metaphysis
SH-III: intra-articular fracture of epiphysis only
SH-IV: intra-articular fracture of epiphysis and metaphysis SH-V: just pain

39
Q

Which statement is correct
● The blowout crack is a serious vertical hoof crack
● The blowout crack is causing serious lameness in most of the cases
● The blowout crack is a horizontal hoof crack
● None

A

● The blowout crack is a horizontal hoof crack

40
Q

Which is not characteristic of the OCD in equine stifle
● It can occur on the lateral trochlear ridge of the femur in the femoro-patellar joint
● It can occur on the medial trochlear ridge of the femur in the femoro- patellar joint
● It is associated with joint effusion
● It is usually manifested in young animals

A

● It can occur on the medial trochlear ridge of the femur in the femoro- patellar joint

41
Q

In carpal valgus deformity the hoof location to the carpus is
● Abaxial
● Axial
● Cranial
● Caudal

A

● Abaxial

42
Q

Which part of the metacarpo/metatarsophalangeal joint is visible clearly on the dorsal 45 degree lateral-palmaromedial oblique (45 degree) view in the horse
● Medial proximal sesamoid bone
● Lateral proximal sesamoid bone
● Statumen
● A and C together

A

● Medial proximal sesamoid bone

Equine 11th semester (2 decks)

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