2. & 12. Atomic Structure

Question 1

Define aufbau-principle

Answer 1

Electrons fill the lowest energy orbital first

Question 2

What orbitals and how many of them

Answer 2

S, P, D, F

1, 3, 5, 7

Question 3

Orbitals ordered by lowest energy

Answer 3

1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p

Question 4

Define Pauli’s exclusions principle

Answer 4

A max of 2 electrons in one orbital with opposite spins

Question 5

Define Hund’s rule

Answer 5

Degenerate orbitals (orbitals with same energy level) are filled singly before electrons are paired

Question 6

Define specific heat capacity and what unit

Answer 6

kJ/kgK^(-1)
The amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1g of a pure substance by 1 °C
Specific heat capacity is an intensive property and does not vary in magnitude with the size of the substance.

Question 7

Formula for calculating the heat of a system

Answer 7

q = mcΔT
q: heat in system
m: mass in kg
c: specific heat capacity
ΔT: change in temp in K

Question 8

Exceptions in electron configurations

Answer 8

Cr: [Ar] 3d^5 4s^1
Pseudo-explanation: half full orbitals are preferred as the energy levels are very similar.
Cu: [Ar] 3d^10 4s^1

Question 9

For hydrogen to produce a line in the visible region of the emission spectrum, the electrons have to go from

Answer 9

n=>2–>n=2