2 Flashcards by Morgan Crow

hematuria can be seen with

kidney stones
bladder cancer
acute pyelonephritis

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first-line medication for tinea unguium?

oral terbinafine

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Emphysema presents with

shortness of breath
minimal cough
decreased heart and lung sounds
pursed-lip breathing
use of accessory muscles

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Chronic bronchitis is characterized by

productive cough
wheezing
coarse crackles

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A patient with a cluster headache should be initially treated with

100% oxygen @12L + intranasal 4% lidocaine

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Puncture wounds of the foot may become infected with _____________ by the foam material from sneakers.

P. aeruginosa

gram negative

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increased ICP (Cushing’s triad)

increased SBP
increased pulse
decreased respirations

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What is used to treat the initial symptoms of mild allergic conjunctivitis?

OTC antihistamine/mast cell stabilizer

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topical steroid strengths range from _ (least potent) to _ (very potent)

7; 1

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First imaging to assess for any neural tube defects

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Where do you hear vesicular breath sounds?

in the lower lobes

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Where do you hear bronchial breath sounds?

at the second and third intercostal spaces

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Where do you hear tracheal breath sounds?

over the trachea

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Kawasaki’s usually occurs in children under what age?

5 years

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range of estradiol associated with perimenopause is

30 to 400 pg/mL

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FSH >30 mIU/mL is indicative of

decreased ovarian function

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AMH level of <0.5 ng/mL is associated with

perimenopause

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Dicyclomine (Bentyl)

anticholinergic and antispasmodic

decreases fecal urgency and pain associated with diarrhea

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Lubiprostone (Amitiza)

chloride channel activator

treatment of IBS with constipation in adults

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Alosetron (Lotronex) is administered for

IBS associated with diarrhea

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Patients with PMR are treated with______________.

oral corticosteroids

One of the hallmarks of the disorder is the dramatic improvement of symptoms after starting treatment with oral prednisone.

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classic sign of allergic rhinitis is a

transverse nasal crease (allergic salute)

Also may see clear nasal discharge and under-eye circles from vasodilation and/or lack of sleep from sneezing and itchiness

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balanoposthitis

penile gland and foreskin are inflamed. A reddened, moist macular lesion is present on the prepuce

candida infections, are commonly associated with the use of antibiotics and are the most common identifiable infectious etiology associated with balanoposthitis

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Primary tx for de Quervain’s

Ice + NSAIDs

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rash appears either as a single expanding red patch or as a central spot surrounded by clear skin that is in turn ringed by an expanded red rash

bull’s-eye lesion of Lyme dz

test used to assess for inflammation and the presence of bacteria in the lower urinary tract, findings that are associated with symptoms of chronic prostatitis

Meares–Stamey 2-glass

Periumbilical to RLQ pain occurs more frequently in ______, while LLQ is more classically associated with ____________.

Crohn's; ulcerative colitis (UC)

Avoid triptans in patient with hx of

penopubic epispadias

urethral meatus is found near the pubic bone bladder sphincter is shaped more like a horseshoe than a ring, it does not close all the way. Because of this, urine leaks out.

In boys with epispadias, the penis tends to be

broad, short, and curved up

penile epispadias, the urinary meatus is found along the______. In penopubic epispadias, it is found _________.

shaft; on or near the pubic bone.

suppurative otitis media

TM bulges & ruptures spontaneously through a small perforation in the pars tensa discharge usually present Dx usually made with direct visualization of TM via otoscope TM = red and swollen, and may be retracted or bulging Decreased mobility of TM as measured by tympanogram

postherpetic neuralgia

s/p Shingles Shingles lasts about 3-5 weeks, but neuralgia can last months sensation of burning, throbbing, sharp pain, and aching at the site of the outbreak Tx w/ gabapentin

patient should first be examined for acute renal failure with _______ and then ____ or ___________.

24-hour creatinine level; MRI, intravenous pyelogram (IVP)

Hepatitis A virus typically is transmitted by the

fecal–oral route commonly by consuming food contaminated by infected food handlers

Hepatitis B can be transmitted by

IV drug use, unprotected sex, or blood transfusion

Hepatitis C can be transmitted by

unprotected sex or contaminated needles.

________ can reactivate during treatment for hepatitis C and cause serious liver problems.

Hepatitis B

first-line antibiotic treatment for an infant with pertussis are

macrolides

MS patient with intermittent or new vision loss should see a __________. because the patient may have __________.

neurologist; optic neuritis

contact lens keratitis

Often d/t sleeping with contact lenses eye pain, redness, excessive tearing, and a lesion on the cornea Topical antibiotics are the first line of treatment

Antiretroviral regimens for HIV often have black box warnings for severe hepatomegaly and HBV exacerbation. What do we do?

monito liver enzymes and cholesterol tell patients to follow low-fat diet

patient with HIV for follow-up of initial antiretroviral treatment regimen that is working

f/u PVL should be completed in 4 to 8 weeks f/u CD4 in 3 months.

Multiple bacteria in a urine sample is indicative of

a contaminated sample

highest sensitivity/specificity for kidney stones

noncontrast CT

syphilis

condylomata lata = wartlike papules are found in the inguinal area rash on palms and soles of feet Step 1: RPR or VDRL Step 2: if those are positive, confirm with FTA-ABS, MHA-TP

tests ordered for suspected infection with HIV

HIV-1/ HIV-2 antibody and P24 antigen tests (combination assay)

Miliary TB

found in children under age 5 and the elderly seen on x-ray with milia seed patterns

Reactivated TB noted on XR by

lesions, nodules, and cavitation

Latent TB

when bacteria is in the lymph nodes and is not infectious. | XR shows calcification and fibrosis.

Pleural TB

in the pleural space and is very contagious it is indicated by a mass with obtuse angles on x-ray

ventricular gallop

S3 heart sound

S3 heart sound is heard

during early diastole

At what age should healthy full-term infants be screened for anemia?

9 to 12 months infants have enough iron stores to last 4 to 6 months after birth

It is important to monitor _______________ when administering theophylline (Theo-Dur).

serum concentration

Scoliosis spinal curvature of >40 degrees requires

surgical intervention with a Harrington rod

Scoliosis spinal curvature between 5 and 20 degrees should

be monitored for changes

Scoliosis spinal curvature between between 20 and 40 degrees need

Bracing

Healthy women (age 18–65 years) dx with UTI may be treated with a ___-day treatment plan

Hydrochlorothiazide can cause __________ suppression, leading to __________

bone marrow neutropenia

Uncomplicated acute diverticulitis can be treated on an outpatient basis if the provider educates the patient on the treatment plan:

take Augmentin as ordered and report fever to HCP immediately so that the patient can be evaluated for abscesses, peritonitis, or sepsis

Once the acute diverticulitis episode resolves, the patient should

maintain a high-fiber diet with supplemental psyllium fiber avoid laxatives long term stool softener can be added to the regime, if necessary

groups of papules and vesicles (not bullae) on a red base that rupture and become crusted; along dermatome

typical shingles rash

Pityriasis versicolor, formerly known as tinea versicolor,

Dx by clinical appearance and a sample of the skin scrapings placed on a KOH wet mount, which reveal short hyphae and budding cells oral fluconazole (Diflucan) is the primary prescribed treatment for widespread infection

Why do infants have an increased risk of CNS toxicity and sensitivity to pharmacologic agents that act on the brain?

infant’s blood–brain barrier is not fully developed for several months

AV nicking and copper wire/ silver wire arterioles are signs of

hypertensive retinopathy ventricular hypertrophy affects the heart stroke damages the brain.

noncommunicating hydrocele

occurs when the sac closes normally around the testicle during development, but the body does not absorb the fluid inside it. common in newborns and usually disappears without treatment by 1 year of age.

Surgery is recommended for a _________hydrocele (when the sac ___________)

communicating does not seal

Zollinger–Ellison syndrome is a

neuroendocrine tumor that leads to gastrin hypersecretion and multiple peptic ulcer formation

ADA A1C goal for most pregnant pts

< 6%

ADA A1C goal for most adults with T2DM

< 7%

ADA A1C goal for older patients

< 8%