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History 1, 2 and 3 > 2 > Flashcards

2 Flashcards

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1
Q

Which describes the work of Nicolaus Copernicus?

A

Developing a heliocentric theory

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2
Q

Which accomplishments are attributed to Galileo Galilei?

A

confirmed that the earth revolves around the sun

discovered moons orbiting Jupiter

created a powerful telescope

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3
Q

Which best describes the influence of Isaac Newton’s theory of universal gravitation?

A

It showed that the universe follows a set of predictable rules.

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4
Q

What did John Locke believe?

A

It is the government’s job to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property.

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5
Q

Which beliefs did Voltaire hold?

A

The English system was better than the French

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6
Q

Which beliefs did Voltaire hold?

A

God does not take part in human lives.

Kings should be guided by reason.

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7
Q

Which was influenced by Montesquieu?

A

U.S. Constitution

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8
Q

Which best describes a major impact of the U.S. Constitution?

A

It established a government based on a document reflecting the will of the people.

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9
Q

Which circumstances caused the French Revolution?

A

the tax burden on common people

France’s financial crisis

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10
Q

Which circumstances caused the French Revolution?

A

the voting structure in the Estates-General

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11
Q

Maximilien Robespierre led France during which phase of the Revolution?

A

the Reign of Terror

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12
Q

Which was Napoleon’s greatest achievement as leader of France?

A

the Napoleonic Code

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13
Q

Where did Napoleon suffer his most serious defeat?

A

Russia

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14
Q

Who led the rebellion of enslaved people in Haiti in 1791?

A

Toussaint-Louverture

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15
Q

Father Hidalgo led a struggle for independence in which country?

A

Mexico

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16
Q

Why did democracy fail following most Latin American revolutions?

A

The people of Latin American had very little experience with self-government

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17
Q

Which best explains the role of nationalism in Europe following the Congress of Vienna?

A

Resisting Napoleon’s armies prompted many people to resist the return of traditional monarchies.

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18
Q

Which circumstances were a major cause of Russian weakness in the mid-1800s?

A

Serfdom

autocratic rule

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19
Q

Which circumstances were a major cause of Russian weakness in the mid-1800s?

A

defeat in the Crimean War

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20
Q

What was the primary goal of Giuseppe Mazzini’s Young Italy movement?

A

creating a united Italian nation

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21
Q

What did Otto von Bismarck use to promote Germany unification?

A

militarism

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22
Q

Which step did Britain take to prevent rebellion in some of its colonies?

A

increased self-government

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23
Q

Which issue was resolved by the U.S. Civil War?

A

enslavement

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24
Q

Which best describes the political situation in Latin America in 1800?

A

Most of the region’s colonies were ruled by European nations and were ready to fight for independence.

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25
Q

Who was known as The Liberator because he helped Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador gain their independence?

A

Simón Bolívar

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26
Q

Who led the Army of the Andes over the Andes Mountains to liberate Chile and also helped Argentina and Peru gain their independence?

A

José de San Martín

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27
Q

The movement for Mexican independence picked up speed when which man gave a speech in Dolores to Indians and mestizos?

A

Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla

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28
Q

Mexico was able to gain its independence from Spain when which group switched sides to the cause of independence?

A

Creoles

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29
Q

Why did democracy fail in most of Latin America in the decades following colonial independence?

A

The former colonies had no experience with ruling themselves.

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30
Q

What was the goal of the leaders who met at the Congress of Vienna in 1815?

A

create a balance of power in Europe to achieve stability

31
Q

Which is an example of how growing nationalism resulted in revolution and change in Europe in the 1800s?

A

Greeks rebelled against their Ottoman rulers.

32
Q

Which best describes Russia in the early 1800s?

A

The tsars were in complete control, and most Russians were serfs.

33
Q

Who organized the Redshirts and helped Italians rebel against their rulers?

A

Giuseppe Garibaldi

34
Q

What were Giuseppe Mazzini’s goals?

A

to unite the Italian states and achieve a freely elected government

35
Q

Who was a Prussian politician who wanted to forge the German states into one nation?

A

Otto von Bismarck

36
Q

What did Otto von Bismarck do to achieve his goal of drawing smaller German states to Prussia’s side?

A

started a war with France

37
Q

How was Great Britain able to avoid revolution during the 1800s?

A

It enacted reforms that gave most of its citizens the right to vote.

38
Q

What did Great Britain do to spread democratic principles in its empire?

A

It allowed some of its English-speaking colonies to manage their own internal affairs.

39
Q

Which event doubled the size of the United States in the 1800s?

A

Louisiana Purchase

40
Q

What was a main cause of the American Civil War?

A

The question of weather slavery should be allowed in new territories

41
Q

Who showed that our universe is heliocentric—the planets of the solar system revolve around the sun?

A

Nicolaus Copernicus

42
Q

Who developed the laws of gravitation and motion?

A

Isaac Newton

43
Q

Who was often called the father of modern mathematics because he created analytic geometry and the Cartesian coordinate system?

A

René Descartes

44
Q

Who first asserted that scientists should conduct repeated observations and practical experiments to answer specific questions?

A

Francis Bacon

45
Q

Which was an accomplishment of Galileo Galilei?

A

discovering four moons orbiting Jupiter

46
Q

How did people’s general way of thinking change as a result of the Scientific Revolution?

A

People questioned long-accepted views.

47
Q

What was the Enlightenment?

A

an intellectual movement based on reason

48
Q

Who wrote about the importance of basing government on the general will?

A

Jean-jacques Rousseau

49
Q

Which Enlightenment thinker explained in his Two Treatises of Government that all beings have the same natural rights of life, liberty, and property?

A

John Locke

50
Q

Which was a belief of Voltaire?

A

Kings should be guided by reason

51
Q

Which did Montesquieu influence?

A

US Constitution

52
Q

Which was an idea or belief of the Enlightenment thinker Mary Wollstonecraft?

A

Women should have the same opportunities for education as men.

53
Q

Why did the colonists object to paying new taxes on goods such as sugar, paper, and tea?

A

The colonists were being taxed without any representation in the British Parliament.

54
Q

Thomas Jefferson based his argument for unalienable rights on the work of which person?

A

John Locke

55
Q

Why was the Battle of Saratoga a major turning point during the American Revolution?

A

The battle convinced the French to help the colonies.

56
Q

Which was a cause of the French Revolution?

A

The common people paid all of the taxes but have none of the benefits

57
Q

Which was an achievement of the National Convention?

A

It abolished slavery in France and the French colonies.

58
Q

Which action by the National Assembly was inspired by Enlightenment ideals and the American Revolution?

A

It issued the Declaration of the Rights of Man.

59
Q

Which describes a consequence of the French Revolution?

A

It inspired many Europeans to rise up against powerful monarchs.

60
Q

Which best describes a similarity between the outcomes of the French and American revolutions?

A

They changed the world’s ideas about how nations should be ruled.

61
Q

How did Napoleon achieve power in France?

A

He helped overthrow the French goverment

62
Q

How did Napoleon achieve power in France?

A

He helped overthrow the French government.

63
Q

Which event helped bring about an end to Napoleon’s reign?

A

Weakened during an invasion of Russia, Napoleon’s army never regained its strength.

64
Q

Which best reflects a way in which Napoleon’s goals did not support Enlightenment ideals?

A

He attempted to build an empire by conquering other nations.

65
Q

What was a long-term effect of Napoleon’s reign?

A

He established a code of law that made all citizens equal.

66
Q

Which astronomer designed scientific instruments, including a new kind of thermometer, an improved compass, and a more powerful telescope?

A

Galileo Galilei

67
Q

Which philosopher believed the path to new knowledge is by way of inductive reasoning?

A

Francis Bacon

68
Q

Which Enlightenment thinker believed that it is a government’s job to protect the natural rights of life, liberty, and property?

A

John Locke

69
Q

Which of the following was a belief of the Enlightenment thinker Mary Wollstonecraft?

A

Women should have the same opportunities for education as men.

70
Q

Who helped liberate Venezuela, Colombia, Panama, and Ecuador?

A

Simón Bolívar

71
Q

Why did democracy fail to establish itself in Latin America after former Spanish and Portuguese colonies had gained their independence?

A

The former colonies had no experience in self-rule.

72
Q

Which resulted in rebellions in Greece, France, and the Habsburg Empire in the mid-1800s?

A

rise of nationalism in Europe after the defeat of Napoleon

73
Q

Who started wars with Austria and France in order to achieve his goal of unifying Germany under Prussian leadership?

A

Otto von Bismarck

History 1, 2 and 3 (3 decks)

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