1 Flashcards
Which was not a motivation for European exploration in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries?
the rediscovery of Greco-Roman culture
Why did Prince Henry of Portugal sponsor voyages of discovery?
He hoped to find routes to Africa.
How did the caravel make Europeans’ voyages of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries possible?
It was designed with a special sail that allowed it to sail against the wind.
Which statement best explains how the compass made voyages of exploration possible?
It allowed sailors to know their direction.
Which does not explain the Spanish conquest of the Aztecs?
The Spanish outnumbered the Aztecs.
Why did English settlers colonize New England in the mid-1600s?
to practice their religion
Which statement best describes the Columbian Exchange?
the movement of plants, animals, and diseases between the Old World and the New World
Which was unknown in Europe before European explorers visited the Americas?
potatoes
Which was a reason for an increase in the transatlantic slave trade during the sixteenth century?
sugar plantations in the West Indies
Which describes the Middle Passage?
the sea journey forced on enslaved people from Africa to the Americas
Which was not a cause of the Protestant Reformation?
Council of Trent
Which was not a consequence of the Protestant Reformation?
decline in literacy
Which summarizes a result of the Protestant Reformation?
It prompted reforms within the Catholic Church.
Which was a cause of the Thirty Years’ War?
conflict between Catholics and Protestants
Which country rose to power as a result of the Peace of Westphalia, ending the Thirty Years War?
France
Which is an example of absolutism under King Louis XIV?
construction of Versailles
Which is an example of absolutism under Peter the Great?
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reorganization of the Russian Orthodox Church
Which was a cause of the English Civil War?
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a dispute between the king and Parliament
Which was not a result of the English Civil War?
end of Puritanism
Which became part of English government and culture during the Glorious Revolution?
a new king and queen
Which statement best describes the Protestant Reformation?
the movement in Europe that resulted in the division of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant
Which was one of the reasons Martin Luther wrote his Ninety-five Theses?
the Church’s sale of indulgences to pardon sins
What was the result of the spread of Martin Luther’s ideas throughout western Europe?
Christian unity ended in wester Europe
Who broke from the Roman Catholic Church so he could remarry and then became the head of a new Protestant church in his country?
Henry VIII
Who relocated to Switzerland in order to escape religious persecution in France and taught the concept of predestination?
John Calvin
How did the Roman Catholic Church respond to the spread of Protestantism?
It attempted to reform itself by correcting bad practices and clarifying its teachings.
What role did the Council of Trent play in the Catholic Reformation?
It attempted to clarify the doctrine of the Catholic Church.
What was the purpose of the Inquisition?
stop the spread of ideas considered heretical
What did an uprising by Czech Protestants against the Catholic ruler of the Holy Roman Empire result in?
the Thirty Years’ War
Which was an important result of the Thirty Years’ War?
The modern concept of Europe as a collection of independent states emerged.
When did absolute monarchs begin to appear in Europe?
after the Thirty Years War
Who ruled by divine right in France, extended that nation’s borders, and built a palace at Versailles?
Louis XIV
Which phrase best explains the cause of the English Civil War?
conflict between the Stuart kings and Parliament
What was the immediate outcome of the English Civil War?
The Roundheads won, and Cromwell became the military dictator of the Commonwealth
How did the Glorious Revolution establish a constitutional monarchy in England?
William agreed to sign the English Bill of Rights as a condition of becoming king.
Which European is credited with ushering in the Age of Exploration?
Prince Henry
Which best describes a reason that Europeans set forth on voyages of exploration in the 1400s?
They were looking for new trade routes to Asia.
Which country sponsored Columbus’s expedition that discovered the Americas?
Spain
What were explorers hoping to find by searching for the Northwest Passage?
a sea route to Asia across North America
Which country colonized the region that is now Brazil?
Portugal
Which Native American empires did Spanish conquistadors conquer?
Aztec and Inca
To which New World location were the most enslaved Africans sent to work?
sugar cane plantations in the West Indies
What crop spurred population growth in Europe after it was brought to Europe from the Americas?
potatoes
Which best describes a joint-stock company?
a company owned by investors who share the profits
Which European country was the first to ship African slaves to the Americas?
Portugal
Which European is credited with ushering in the Age of Exploration?
Prince Henry
Which best describes a reason that Europeans set forth on voyages of exploration in the 1400s?
They were looking for new trade routes to Asia.
Which country sponsored Columbus’s expedition that discovered the Americas?
Spain
What were explorers hoping to find by searching for the Northwest Passage?
a sea route to Asia across North America
Which country colonized the region that is now Brazil?
Portugal
Which Native American empires did Spanish conquistadors conquer?
Aztec and Inca
To which New World location were the most enslaved Africans sent to work?
sugar cane plantations in the West Indies
What crop spurred population growth in Europe after it was brought to Europe from the Americas?
Potatoes
Which best describes a joint-stock company?
a company owned by investors who share the profits
Which European country was the first to ship African slaves to the Americas?
Portugal
What key advantage did Spanish invaders have over the native peoples they conquered?
Spanish soldiers had horses and superior weapons.
What did many English settlers hope to gain by leaving their native land and settling in the New World?
religious freedom
What was the Reformation?
the religious movement that led to the division of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant
What was the Reformation?
the religious movement that led to the division of Christianity into Catholic and Protestant
Who broke from the Roman Catholic Church and formed the Church of England in order to remarry?
Henry VII
Which describes a way that the Roman Catholic Church responded to the spread of Protestantism?
Pope Paul III convened the Council of Trent
Which describes an effect of the Protestant and Catholic reformations?
Monarchs acquired more power and established nation-states.
Which absolute monarch toured western Europe for ideas on modernizing his nation and invaded other countries in order to secure warm-water ports?
Peter I
Which was a result of the Thirty Years’ War?
Spain was a weaker nation and France a stronger one.
Which was an effect of the Protestant and Catholic reformations?
Education became more important in society
