2/11 UWORLD test # 12 Flashcards
Q 1. Adrenal gland histology: which layer characteristically shows eosinophilic (pink)
zona reticularis
Right before medulla
Think this pink line as borderline landmark before medulla
Q 1. Each layer of adrenal gland is stimulated by what?
- zona glomerulosa
- zona fasiculata
- zona reticularis
- medulla chromaffin cells
- G: AngII
- F: ACTH
- R: ACTH
- medulla chromaffin: Ach (N), preganglionic sympathetic
Q 3. In female genital embryology, remnant mesonephric duct gives rise to what structure?
Gartner ducts
Q 3. In genital embryology, urogenital sinus gives rise to what structures- male? female?
Male: prostate gland, bulbourethral gland
Female: Bartholin gland, urethral/paraurethral gland
urogenital sinus-> all glands!
Q 4. cleft lip/palate: possible causes
- maternal phenytoin
- Patau syndrome
- DiGeorge
Q 4. cleft lip/palate, thin scalp tissue, omphalocele: what is going on?
Patau (13 tisomony)
Q 7. Posterior communicating artery aneurysm: what CN is compressed? What about ACA?
- Post. communicating: CN3
- ACA (anterior cerebral artery): optic chiasm -> bitemporal hemianopia
Q 8. What is legal term “capitation”?
payer ( patient self, employer, or goverment) pays FIXED amount of money
Q 8. What is legal term “global payment” ?
insurer pays single payment of all amount
Q 9. What is dexrazoxane? What is it used for? mechanism of action?
To reverse doxrubicin induced dilated cardiomyopathy. Iron chelator to reduce oxygen free radical
Q 10. Impact of lead poisoning on
- neurologic
- hematologic
- renal
- GI
- neurologic- foot drop, encephalopathy
- hematologic- sideroblastic anemia, basophlic stripping
- renal- interstitial nephritis
- GI- abdominal pain
Q 10. key from patient history that suggest possible lead poisoning
moving into old house (paint/dust are lead rich)
Q 12. onset of postpartum blues? when does it resolve?
2-3 days after delivery. Resolve within 14 days
Q 12. onset of postpartum depression?
within 4 weeks
Q 13. Legionella pneumoniae vs. mycoplasma pneumoniae: similarities (2) and differences (2)
Similarities
- may present with mild productive cough
- poor gram stain (legionella- requires silver stain, mycoplasma- lack cell wall)
Differences
- legionella: high fever, mycoplasma: mild fever
- legionella: community acquired pneumonia, mycoplasma: atypical pneumonia
Q 14. Gram negative sepsis: what abnormality would be seen on smear? mechanism?
Gram negative- LPS endotoxin
Endotoxin damage endothelium, forming microthrombi
-> schistocyte
- This is exact mechanism of HUS by EHEC
Q 15. Ureter obstruction results in what change in filtration fraction? explain physiology
Reduced
GFR decreased due to opposing hydrostatic pressure.
Decreased GFR -> AngII -> efferent constriction -> decreased RBF.
BUT, GFR decreases greater extent than RBF. Thus overall, FF=GFR/RPF decreases
Q 16. What ethnic population is the least susceptible for osteoporosis? why?
African
higher bone density
Q 18. In which situation does normal S2 splitting occur? Explain physiology
Inspiration
Increased venous return -> delayed P2 closure
Q 18. What is fixed S2 splitting? (why is it called fixed?) In which situation does fixed S2 splitting occur? Explain physiology
Regardless of breath, splitting always occurs (thus fixed)
Increased blood volume in right side can cause this
such as ASD
Q 19. male, urinary incontinence, osteoblastic lesions in vertebrae. What is going on? Which vessels (2) are involved in this process?
prostate cancer metastasizes to vertebrae
Hematogenous spread from prostatic venous plexus to vertebral venous plexus
Q 20. esophageal varices in patient with cirrohosis: through what vessel?
Left gastric vein
Q 21. Most common infection for fatal sporadic encephalitis? What would be a finding on CT?
- HSV-1
- CT: hemorrhage
Q 22. consequences of group A strep can be either PSGN (puffy face/hematuria) or rheumatic heart disease (murmur). Under what situation each of this consequence follows?
- impetigo/ strep skin infection -> PSGN
- strep throat -> rheumatic heart disease
