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Question 1

Can one be aware of a fact and be unaware of one’s awareness?

This question is ______.

Answer 1

a hardy perennial in epistemology

Question 2

This question is a hardy perennial in epistemology. In recent years the debate has ______ suggested by the traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief.

Answer 2

shifted to a related but narrower question

Question 3

This question is a hardy perennial in epistemology. In recent years the debate has shifted to a related but narrower question ______ as justified true belief.

Answer 3

suggested by the traditional definition of knowledge

Question 4

This question is a hardy perennial in epistemology. In recent years the debate has shifted to a related but narrower question suggested by the traditional definition of knowledge as ______.

Answer 4

justified true belief

Question 5

In recent years the debate has shifted to a related but narrower question suggested by the traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief. ______ is required to distinguish knowledge from a guess that happens to be right; …

Answer 5

Justification

Question 6

In recent years the debate has shifted to a related but narrower question suggested by the traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief. Justification is ______ to distinguish knowledge from a guess that happens to be right; …

Answer 6

required

Question 7

In recent years the debate has shifted to a related but narrower question suggested by the traditional definition of knowledge as justified true belief. Justification is required to ______; …

Answer 7

distinguish knowledge from a guess that happens to be right

Question 8

Justification is required to distinguish knowledge from a guess that happens to be right; ______ is one supported by evidence, by reasons.

Answer 8

a justified belief

Question 9

Justification is required to distinguish knowledge from a guess that happens to be right; a justified belief is ______.

Answer 9

one supported by evidence, by reasons

Question 10

…; a justified belief is one supported by evidence, by reasons. So ______ is: can one be justified in believing a proposition p without knowing that one is justified?

Answer 10

the narrower question

Question 11

…; a justified belief is one supported by evidence, by reasons. So the narrower question is: ______ without knowing that one is justified?

Answer 11

can one be justified in believing a proposition p

Question 12

…; a justified belief is one supported by evidence, by reasons. So the narrower question is: can one be justified in believing a proposition p ______?

Answer 12

without knowing that one is justified

Question 13

So the narrower question is: can one be justified in believing a proposition p without knowing that one is justified? [Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, ______ rather than the belief per se: the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true; to say a belief is justified is a shorthand way of referring to this situation.]

Answer 13

it is the knower who is justified

Question 14

So the narrower question is: can one be justified in believing a proposition p without knowing that one is justified? [Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, it is the knower who is justified ______: the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true; to say a belief is justified is a shorthand way of referring to this situation.]

Answer 14

rather than the belief per se

Question 15

So the narrower question is: can one be justified in believing a proposition p without knowing that one is justified? [Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, it is the knower who is justified rather than the belief per se: ______; to say a belief is justified is a shorthand way of referring to this situation.]

Answer 15

the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true

Question 16

So the narrower question is: can one be justified in believing a proposition p without knowing that one is justified? [Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, it is the knower who is justified rather than the belief per se: the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true; ______ is a shorthand way of referring to this situation.]

Answer 16

to say a belief is justified

Question 17

So the narrower question is: can one be justified in believing a proposition p without knowing that one is justified? [Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, it is the knower who is justified rather than the belief per se: the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true; to say a belief is justified is ______.]

Answer 17

a shorthand way of referring to this situation

Question 18

[Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, it is the knower who is justified rather than the belief per se: the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true; to say a belief is justified is a shorthand way of referring to this situation.] Or ______: can one be justified in believing p without being justified in believing one is justified?

Answer 18

narrower still

Question 19

[Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, it is the knower who is justified rather than the belief per se: the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true; to say a belief is justified is a shorthand way of referring to this situation.] Or narrower still: ______ without being justified in believing one is justified?

Answer 19

can one be justified in believing p

Question 20

[Note: I would argue that, strictly speaking, it is the knower who is justified rather than the belief per se: the knower is justified in affirming some proposition as true; to say a belief is justified is a shorthand way of referring to this situation.] Or narrower still: can one be justified in believing p ______?

Answer 20

without being justified in believing one is justified

Question 21

Or narrower still: can one be justified in believing p without being justified in believing one is justified? ______ bring out two rival conceptions of justification and of the nature of epistemological principles.

Answer 21

The opposing answers to this question

Question 22

Or narrower still: can one be justified in believing p without being justified in believing one is justified? The opposing answers to this question ______ of justification and of the nature of epistemological principles.

Answer 22

bring out two rival conceptions

Question 23

Or narrower still: can one be justified in believing p without being justified in believing one is justified? The opposing answers to this question bring out two rival conceptions of ______ and of ______.

Answer 23

• justification
• the nature of epistemological principles