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1st year Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 essential qualities of a GP

A

ability to care about patients and relatives
commitment to providing high quality care
awareness of won limitations
ability to seek help when appropriate
commitment to keeping up to date and improving quality of own performance
appreciation of value of teamwork
clinical competence
organisational ability

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2
Q

how has NHS moved from paper to digital record keeping

A

appointment bookings, repeat prescriptions

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3
Q

what are some features of local data systems

A 
store appointments
assist in consultations (records)
support prescribing
manage hospital letters
record blood results 
audits
E-consultations
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4
Q

how is GP an ongoing learning practice

A

5 year revalidation cycle

GP prepares for appraisal by reading literature, attending courses and performing audits

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5
Q

who may be involved in a GP practice team

A

manager, secretory, nurses, physicians assistants, IT/ Admin staff, reception staff, advanced nurse practitioner, phlebotomist, doctor

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6
Q

what is meant by longitudinal care

A

follow patients families from births to deaths

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7
Q

what is a benefit of longitudinal care

A

can build report so shorter appointments

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8
Q

what are benefits of good communication

A

improves patient satisfaction

improves understanding/ concordonance/ compliacne

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9
Q

what are the 4 factors of clinical competence

A

knowledge, communication, physical examination, problem solving

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10
Q

give 5 styles of questions

A 
open ended
closed
reflective 
direct
leading - presumes answer
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11
Q

what is the definition of hazard and risk

A

hazard - something with potential to cause harm

risk - likelihood of risk occurring

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12
Q

what is the opposite of a risk factor

A

protective factor

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13
Q

list some different types of hazards

A

physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, psychological

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14
Q

list 5 routes of exposure

A

skin, blood, sexual, inhalation, ingestion

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15
Q

what 2 things does risk combine

A

probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of harm involved

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16
Q

what 3 things alter your perception of risk

A

feeling in control
size of possible harm
familiarity with risk

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17
Q

how does feeling in control alter your perception of risk

A

involuntary risks (little control) are perceived as greater risk than voluntary risks

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18
Q

what type of events scare people more than chronic risks where damage is spread over time and location

A

catastrophic risks, single events with large immediate consequences

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19
Q

what are individual variables that alter a persons perception of risk

A 
previous experience
attitude towards risk 
age
values/ bleiefs
socio-economic factors
education
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20
Q

what are issues with global health

A

limited resources/ technology
political issues/ human rights
behaviour change/ expectations

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21
Q

describe the calgary cambridge model for a consultation

A 
initiating the session 
gathering information 
providing structure 
building relationships 
explanation and planning 
closing the session
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22
Q

what are the ROger Neighbour tasks to minis risk from a consultation

A

to connect with the patient
to summarise and verbally check that the reasons for attendance are clear
to hand over and bring the consultation to a close
to ensure that a safety net exists in that no serious possibilities have been missed
to deal with housekeeping of recovery and reflection

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23
Q

what is stress

A

pressure exceeds ones ability to cope

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24
Q

what are 4 methods of decision making

A

pattern recognition - seed high, complexity high
algorithm - speed urgent, complexity low
scenario planning -slow, complexity high
pathways - slow change, low complexity

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25
what type of reasoning is clinical reasoning
hypo-deductie | make a few hypothesis then investigate
26
describe the authoritarian doctor relationship
doctor uses all authority of their stats and patient has no autonomy patient tries hard to please doctor and doesn't actively participate in treatment
27
describe the guidance doctor relationship
doctor still uses authority and patient is obedient but hs greater feeling of autonomy and is more active in their own treatment patients are generally more satisfied may increase compliance with treatment
28
what is meant by content of communication skills
what they communicate - substance of questions, answers, information they gather/ give, the treatment
29
what are the 3 main communication skills
contents perceptual process
30
what is meant by the perceptual communication skill
what they are thinking/ feeling - internal decision making, clinical reasoning, awareness of own attitude
31
what is meant by the process of communication skills
how they do it - verbal and non verbal skills used to discover/ give information and how they structure communication
32
what is the definition of health
state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
33
what things may make your view on health differ
age (young fit, old functional) gender (women multidimensional) social class culture/ religion (concordance with treatment)
34
what is meant by giving a safety net in a consultation
advice on expected course of illness/ recover advice on symptoms of deterioration what to do if patient deteriorates
35
what are some physical factors that influence a consultations
site/ environment medical records - history of illness, patient background, drugs in use (not waste time) time constraints patients status - known vs unknown
36
what are some personal factors that influence a consultation
age, sex, background and origin, beliefs, severity of illness
37
describe the mutual participation doctor relationship
patient feels responsible for successful outcome with active participation and a feeling of greater autonomy higher satisfaction, responsibility , compliance with treatment
38
list some different interview styles
``` closed open - listen and facilitate consultation open ended question listening and silence facilitation ```
39
what is meant by facilitation in an interview
interested, attentive manner, gesturing, facial expression, encourage communication
40
what % of communication is made up by non verbal
55% non verbal 7% verbal 38% tone
41
what are examples of instinctive non verbal communication
crying, laughing, pain
42
what are examples of learned non verbal communication
life experience | training courses on communication
43
give examples of body language
gaze behaviour - interest posture specific gestures
44
list some negative gestures
hand to face, head support (boredom), pointing (critical), hand clenched (frustration
45
what things should you consider about someone's body language
culture - don't misinterpret context gesture clusters - single could be misinterpreted congruence between words and body language
46
list some negative health behaviours
smoking, alcohol, poor diet, physical inactivity
47
what is meant by statistical normal distribution
shape of population similar to bell curve
48
what is meant by cultural normal distribution
depends on expectation/ standard of the society - politic, economic, factors
49
how can health interventions be distributed to a population
legislation mass media positive role models - celebrity endorsement education
50
how can health interventions be distributed in the community
support local organisations that benefit locals | promote participation on leisure/ voluntary activities and positive social networks
51
how can a health intervention be delivered to an individual
motivate and support person - feel positive about benefits of health plan easy steps over time plan coping strategies to prevent a relapse
52
describe the behaviour skills model for behaviour change
information and motivation influence behaviour skills which leads to a behaviour change
53
what must information be to influence behaviour
relevant to current goals easily understood and remembered readily available in the moment of decision or action
54
what things influence behaviour change
advantage outweigh the disadvantages anticipate a positive response form others social pressure to change perceive new behaviour to be consistent with new self image believe you can carry out new behaviour in range of circumstances
55
what is self efficacy
belief in ability to change
56
what things can boost self efficacy
goal setting, effort investment, persistence in face of barriers, recovery form setback
57
describe the SMART goals
``` smart measurable achievable realistic timely ```
58
how does WHO rank health systems
health (50%) - disability adjusted life expectancy responsiveness (25%) - speed of service, privacy protection, quality of amenities fair financial distribution (25%)
59
list some policies to improve health
``` income security education employment housing agriculture/ transport ```
60
what things influence health of the population
``` wealth and equality of a nation political decision making/ policies economic spend and control legislation funding (by taxation) ```
61
what are the 4 ethical principle
autonomy - fully informed, right to say no justice - fair benifence - maximise care non - maleficence - minimis risk
62
how would you find out if a condition was occupation related
does it happen at work does it happen during the holidays did it occur before work is anyone else at work affected
63
what things could be talked about in a GP consultation to manage lifestyle
``` smoking alcohol diet exercise drug use sexual health ```
64
what is meant by a GP as a gatekeeper
person who controls patient access to specialist or secondary care
65
what are the 2 coping mechanisms
problem focused | emotion focus
66
what are the GPs role as a gatekeeper
identify those in need referral to appropriate department limit patient exposure to uneccessary investiagtions GP can provide education
67
what is meant by cultural competence
ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organisations and professionals to provide for diverse patients populations high quality healthcare that is safe, family and patients centred , evidence based and equitable
68
list some difficulties in culture
``` lack of knowledge about the NHS/ common health issues Racism fear and distrust stereotyping difference in expectations religious bleiefs language barriers patient may not be entitled to NHS ```
69
list some members of a health team
physiotherapist, OT, pharmacist, counsellor, practice nurse, midwife, dietician

FOPC (3 decks)

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