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FOPC > 1st year > Flashcards

1st year Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 8 essential qualities of a GP

A

ability to care about patients and relatives
commitment to providing high quality care
awareness of won limitations
ability to seek help when appropriate
commitment to keeping up to date and improving quality of own performance
appreciation of value of teamwork
clinical competence
organisational ability

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2
Q

how has NHS moved from paper to digital record keeping

A

appointment bookings, repeat prescriptions

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3
Q

what are some features of local data systems

A 
store appointments
assist in consultations (records)
support prescribing
manage hospital letters
record blood results 
audits
E-consultations
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4
Q

how is GP an ongoing learning practice

A

5 year revalidation cycle

GP prepares for appraisal by reading literature, attending courses and performing audits

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5
Q

who may be involved in a GP practice team

A

manager, secretory, nurses, physicians assistants, IT/ Admin staff, reception staff, advanced nurse practitioner, phlebotomist, doctor

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6
Q

what is meant by longitudinal care

A

follow patients families from births to deaths

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7
Q

what is a benefit of longitudinal care

A

can build report so shorter appointments

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8
Q

what are benefits of good communication

A

improves patient satisfaction

improves understanding/ concordonance/ compliacne

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9
Q

what are the 4 factors of clinical competence

A

knowledge, communication, physical examination, problem solving

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10
Q

give 5 styles of questions

A 
open ended
closed
reflective 
direct
leading - presumes answer
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11
Q

what is the definition of hazard and risk

A

hazard - something with potential to cause harm

risk - likelihood of risk occurring

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12
Q

what is the opposite of a risk factor

A

protective factor

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13
Q

list some different types of hazards

A

physical, chemical, mechanical, biological, psychological

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14
Q

list 5 routes of exposure

A

skin, blood, sexual, inhalation, ingestion

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15
Q

what 2 things does risk combine

A

probability that a particular outcome will occur and the severity of harm involved

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16
Q

what 3 things alter your perception of risk

A

feeling in control
size of possible harm
familiarity with risk

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17
Q

how does feeling in control alter your perception of risk

A

involuntary risks (little control) are perceived as greater risk than voluntary risks

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18
Q

what type of events scare people more than chronic risks where damage is spread over time and location

A

catastrophic risks, single events with large immediate consequences

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19
Q

what are individual variables that alter a persons perception of risk

A 
previous experience
attitude towards risk 
age
values/ bleiefs
socio-economic factors
education
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20
Q

what are issues with global health

A

limited resources/ technology
political issues/ human rights
behaviour change/ expectations

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21
Q

describe the calgary cambridge model for a consultation

A 
initiating the session 
gathering information 
providing structure 
building relationships 
explanation and planning 
closing the session
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22
Q

what are the ROger Neighbour tasks to minis risk from a consultation

A

to connect with the patient
to summarise and verbally check that the reasons for attendance are clear
to hand over and bring the consultation to a close
to ensure that a safety net exists in that no serious possibilities have been missed
to deal with housekeeping of recovery and reflection

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23
Q

what is stress

A

pressure exceeds ones ability to cope

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24
Q

what are 4 methods of decision making

A

pattern recognition - seed high, complexity high
algorithm - speed urgent, complexity low
scenario planning -slow, complexity high
pathways - slow change, low complexity

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25
Q

what type of reasoning is clinical reasoning

A

hypo-deductie

make a few hypothesis then investigate

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26
Q

describe the authoritarian doctor relationship

A

doctor uses all authority of their stats and patient has no autonomy
patient tries hard to please doctor and doesn’t actively participate in treatment

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27
Q

describe the guidance doctor relationship

A

doctor still uses authority and patient is obedient but hs greater feeling of autonomy and is more active in their own treatment
patients are generally more satisfied
may increase compliance with treatment

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28
Q

what is meant by content of communication skills

A

what they communicate - substance of questions, answers, information they gather/ give, the treatment

29
Q

what are the 3 main communication skills

A

contents
perceptual
process

30
Q

what is meant by the perceptual communication skill

A

what they are thinking/ feeling - internal decision making, clinical reasoning, awareness of own attitude

31
Q

what is meant by the process of communication skills

A

how they do it - verbal and non verbal skills used to discover/ give information and how they structure communication

32
Q

what is the definition of health

A

state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity

33
Q

what things may make your view on health differ

A

age (young fit, old functional)
gender (women multidimensional)
social class
culture/ religion (concordance with treatment)

34
Q

what is meant by giving a safety net in a consultation

A

advice on expected course of illness/ recover
advice on symptoms of deterioration
what to do if patient deteriorates

35
Q

what are some physical factors that influence a consultations

A

site/ environment
medical records - history of illness, patient background, drugs in use (not waste time)
time constraints
patients status - known vs unknown

36
Q

what are some personal factors that influence a consultation

A

age, sex, background and origin, beliefs, severity of illness

37
Q

describe the mutual participation doctor relationship

A

patient feels responsible for successful outcome with active participation and a feeling of greater autonomy
higher satisfaction, responsibility , compliance with treatment

38
Q

list some different interview styles

A 
closed 
open - listen and facilitate 
consultation 
open ended question 
listening and silence 
facilitation
39
Q

what is meant by facilitation in an interview

A

interested, attentive manner, gesturing, facial expression, encourage communication

40
Q

what % of communication is made up by non verbal

A

55% non verbal
7% verbal
38% tone

41
Q

what are examples of instinctive non verbal communication

A

crying, laughing, pain

42
Q

what are examples of learned non verbal communication

A

life experience

training courses on communication

43
Q

give examples of body language

A

gaze behaviour - interest
posture
specific gestures

44
Q

list some negative gestures

A

hand to face, head support (boredom), pointing (critical), hand clenched (frustration

45
Q

what things should you consider about someone’s body language

A

culture - don’t misinterpret
context
gesture clusters - single could be misinterpreted
congruence between words and body language

46
Q

list some negative health behaviours

A

smoking, alcohol, poor diet, physical inactivity

47
Q

what is meant by statistical normal distribution

A

shape of population similar to bell curve

48
Q

what is meant by cultural normal distribution

A

depends on expectation/ standard of the society - politic, economic, factors

49
Q

how can health interventions be distributed to a population

A

legislation
mass media
positive role models - celebrity endorsement
education

50
Q

how can health interventions be distributed in the community

A

support local organisations that benefit locals

promote participation on leisure/ voluntary activities and positive social networks

51
Q

how can a health intervention be delivered to an individual

A

motivate and support person - feel positive about benefits of health
plan easy steps over time
plan coping strategies to prevent a relapse

52
Q

describe the behaviour skills model for behaviour change

A

information and motivation influence behaviour skills which leads to a behaviour change

53
Q

what must information be to influence behaviour

A

relevant to current goals
easily understood and remembered
readily available in the moment of decision or action

54
Q

what things influence behaviour change

A

advantage outweigh the disadvantages
anticipate a positive response form others
social pressure to change
perceive new behaviour to be consistent with new self image
believe you can carry out new behaviour in range of circumstances

55
Q

what is self efficacy

A

belief in ability to change

56
Q

what things can boost self efficacy

A

goal setting, effort investment, persistence in face of barriers, recovery form setback

57
Q

describe the SMART goals

A 
smart 
measurable 
achievable
realistic 
timely
58
Q

how does WHO rank health systems

A

health (50%) - disability adjusted life expectancy
responsiveness (25%) - speed of service, privacy protection, quality of amenities
fair financial distribution (25%)

59
Q

list some policies to improve health

A 
income security 
education 
employment 
housing 
agriculture/ transport
60
Q

what things influence health of the population

A 
wealth and equality  of a nation 
political decision making/ policies
economic spend and control 
legislation 
funding (by taxation)
61
Q

what are the 4 ethical principle

A

autonomy - fully informed, right to say no
justice - fair
benifence - maximise care
non - maleficence - minimis risk

62
Q

how would you find out if a condition was occupation related

A

does it happen at work
does it happen during the holidays
did it occur before work
is anyone else at work affected

63
Q

what things could be talked about in a GP consultation to manage lifestyle

A 
smoking
alcohol
diet
exercise
drug use
sexual health
64
Q

what is meant by a GP as a gatekeeper

A

person who controls patient access to specialist or secondary care

65
Q

what are the 2 coping mechanisms

A

problem focused

emotion focus

66
Q

what are the GPs role as a gatekeeper

A

identify those in need
referral to appropriate department
limit patient exposure to uneccessary investiagtions
GP can provide education

67
Q

what is meant by cultural competence

A

ongoing capacity of healthcare systems, organisations and professionals to provide for diverse patients populations high quality healthcare that is safe, family and patients centred , evidence based and equitable

68
Q

list some difficulties in culture

A 
lack of knowledge about the NHS/ common health issues
Racism 
fear and distrust
stereotyping
difference in expectations
religious bleiefs
language barriers 
patient may not be entitled to NHS
69
Q

list some members of a health team

A

physiotherapist, OT, pharmacist, counsellor, practice nurse, midwife, dietician

FOPC (3 decks)

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